, exports and human capital stock using data for China over the period 1960 to 1999. We find that real exports, human capital … and real income are cointegrated when real exports is the dependent variable, but are not cointegrated when human capital … human capital and real exports, unidirectional Granger causality running from real income to human capital and neutrality …

degree of economic openness, measured as the sum of imports and exports as a share of GDP, and subjective well-being in urban … China. We find that respondents who live in cities with high levels of economic openness report significantly lower levels …

This paper examines the causal relationship between electricity consumption, exports and gross domestic product (GDP … percent increase in exports increases GDP by 0.17 per cent and a 1 percent increase in GDP generates a 0.95 percent increase … affecting economic growth. Further policy implications are that for the panel as a whole promoting exports, particularly non …