In this paper, we estimate the consumer benefits of competition in the retail industry. In our analysis, we incorporated the service quality of retail outlets as outputs. In Japan, in the process of the deregulation of entry restriction on large-scale retail stores, specialty supermarkets have...

Using firm-level data for the Japanese manufacturing sector, we examine characteristics of internationalized firms, i.e., firms engaging in export and/or foreign direct investment (FDI), and compare these characteristics with those for selected European countries. We find that internationalized...

In this paper, multinationals’ motivations for R&D in China are compared across firms’ home countries. It is found that five types of companies (Europe, Japan, the other Asia, US and Taiwan, Hong Kong or Macau owned) can be grouped into two. Europe, Japan and the other Asia for...

Much research has been carried out on the accumulation and effective use of knowledge as a companyspecific form of intellectual property. However, insufficient attention has been given to research focusing on the effects of micro-level knowledge absorption and its effective use. In this paper,...

This paper studies how offering patents as collateral　influences the decisions of Chinese lenders and determines features that make patents more acceptable as collateral. We develop a lending model incorporating a borrower’s likelihood of default, the value of patents offered as collateral,...

This paper presents the typology of overseas R&D, by interacting the direction of knowledge flow between home and host countries and the distinction of “research” and “development”, namely (1) technology driven, (2) cost driven, (3) market driven, (4) policy driven, (5) production driven...

This paper presents the first exploration of survey data of innovation strategy and performance of over 10,000 Japanese manufacturers. Although the importance of technological activities among various kinds of firms' strategic variables is generally agreed in Japan, empirical studies of them are...

This paper consists of two parts. First, constant-price Japan-US intercountry input-output (IO) tables are compiled, based on Japan-US IO tables of the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI) for 1985 and 1990, and the relative producer prices of both countries, which are estimated...

This paper investigates the R&D motivations of various multinationals operating in China, drawing on a large-scale, firm-level dataset of official Chinese statistics on science and technology activities. The present study shows that R&D efforts in China have intensified for both foreign-owned...

This study empirically analyses the determinants of start-up firms in the Tsinghua Science Park in Beijing using survey data. More than 50% of firms are software and Internet related with CEOs has a strong technological background. It is found that firms that have their internal innovations...