determinants of intergenerational income mobility and the relative risk of poverty differ with respect to the existing welfare … the relative risk of poverty. …

persistence of transitory shocks and their implications for the persistence of poverty and income inequality. The results suggest … poor individuals stayed in poverty for two years on average. In East Germany, the contribution of the permanent component … to overall income inequality increased from 20 percent in 1990 to over 70 percent in 1998 and the persistence of poverty …

and employment risk are found to be positively correlated with base-year inequality. Taken together they produce more …