Workers participating in firm-sponsored training receive higher wages as a result. But given that firms pay the …

This paper estimates the effect that changes in the size of the youth population have on the wages of young workers … age groups earn lower wages. We test this hypothesis for a sample of young, male, fulltime employees in Western Germany … estimation, we show that an increase in the youth share by one percentage point is predicted to decrease a young worker's wages …

positive wage effect of about the same size. The wages of females are not affected by smoking and drinking. …