nation-specific costs of having children as measured by time-budget data, by attitude data from the International Social … standard welfare-state typologies. Definitive conclusions are difficult because of the multiple dimensions on which child costs … can be measured, the possibility that child costs affect both the quantum and the tempo of fertility, the relatively small …

inuencing energy prices and costs such as developments in global energy markets, the EU ETS and the promotion of renewables …. Analysing energy costs (prices times quantity) instead of prices has the advantage of taking into account quantity adjustments …. However, it does not allow for monitoring the burden which energy costs pose on firms. For this purpose, both the European …