consider a situation where the supplier's production cost is reduced if the manufacturer can place some of its order in advance …. In addition to the rush order contract with a pre-established price, we examine whether the supplier should offer advance-order … discounts to encourage the manufacturer to place a portion of its order in advance, even though the manufacturer incurs some …

order to establish a decision-making theory as a standard reference for optimization methods to satisfy the maximum expected … profit and utility function for the optimal order quantity of FRM suppliers’ decision-making. We assume that urgent orders … safety circumstances and the differences of market acceptance (optimistic/normal/pessimistic), in order to affect the …