Following a couple of decades of offshoring, the fear today is of reshoring. Using administrative data on Mexican … that are more exposed to automation in the U.S. through trade fared in exports and employment outcomes. The results show … employment, nor manufacturing wage employment overall. Yet, the latter is the result of two counteracting forces. Exposure to U …

through outsourcing. The objective is to raise domestic employment. Given that many of the important international markets … that even if a unilateral tax by the US raises its employment, this may turn around in a Nash policy equilibrium, where the … in recent years) and increased product differentiation tend to worsen the employment effects of the outsourcing tax. The …

We analyse the effects of imports on employment and earnings by distinguishing between import competition in final … products and firms' use of imports in production (offshoring). We use Finnish worker-firm data merged with product-level trade … occupations. An increase in import competition has larger negative effects than an increase in offshoring. Production workers …