This paper examines the optimal reaction of fiscal policy to permanent and transitory shocks to output in a model of tax and public consumption smoothing. The model predicts that optimal reaction of public expenditures and deficits to transitory shocks should be counter cyclical, while optimal...

This paper analyses the cyclicality of fiscal policy (discretionary versus automatic) for 28 advanced economies over 1995-2021 by paying special attention to the Covid-19 crisis. We find evidence that discretionary fiscal policy during the Covid-19 crisis (2020-2021) was significantly more...

This study provides a detailed investigation of the time-frequency and frequency-domain analysis of the interconnectedness of country-level macroeconomic variables. Hence, the wavelet techniques-vector wavelet and wavelet multiple-employed with TVP-VAR are utilised as a robustness check. The...