With the successful launch of the euro, the previously national interbank bank markets have been integrated at once in … a unified euro interbank market, outstanding public debt has been redenominated in euro, trading conventions harmonised …, and all EMU stock markets have started quoting in euro. This does not, however, bring Euroland at once to a US …

, the eurozone and beyond. We argue genesis of this crisis lies in the integration negotiations of 1991, ratified in 1992 …. These produced a flawed economic model within the eurozone. Given the seeds of decay were planted at origin; we argue the … solution can be found through a reconstructed eurozone via looser integration, where countries less equipped to deal with the …

euro, from the inception of the currency in 2002 through to 2013. An original applied statistical approach searches for a … points in time of the euro integration process. These hypotheses are tested using the rigour of a bivariate analysis and the … labour productivity. The paper concludes that in the last decade the convergence of countries sharing the euro has been …