This paper aspires to provide an overview of the issue of diversity of banking and financial systems and its … and how much do banking systems and entire financial systems differ between countries and regions, and do in … questions is that there is still today a surprisingly high level of diversity in finance. This raises the two questions …

of capital markets and banking systems as well as the distribution of access to external finance across firms … capture, favor connected interests, and undermine finance access and entry. Thus the degree of access to political rights by … citizens thus strongly affects their access to finance. Finally, we review the recent literature on the time variation of …

finance. Such risks cannot be addressed by regulating the safety and soundness of stablecoins alone without adequately … and bank deposits for stablecoins in payments and the financial system more broadly, particularly the current system of … bank-intermediated credit and for monetary policy. …