Poverty indicators often disagree about whether a person is poor or not. Yet, when it comes to assessing whether a programme is successful in reaching the poor the dominant practice is to use an income poverty indicator. This paper investigates whether the choice of welfare indicator influences...

This study assesses how child deprivation in Ontario compares to that of Ontario's population in general and that of children in eight European high-income countries (France, Germany, United Kingdom, Belgium, the Netherlands, Denmark and Sweden). This research has been motivated by the...

Immigrant access to social protection in the Netherlands has changed quite markedly over time. This paper discusses the changes from an historical perspective and introduces a theoretical framework (the Welfare Pentagon) explaining how immigrants cope with (economic) hardship when they do not...

Argues that the slaves transported in interregional trade were not selected on the basis of their physical stature.

Examines the height of Georgian convicts and concludes that their height declined beginning with the birth cohorts of 1835. The economic transition brought about a decline in their nutritional status.

Examines the height of German youth in the late eighteenth century, and documents the very large differences in height between the lower and upper classes. Shows that the height of the upper class did not decline at the end of the 18th century as did that of the common men.

Argues that the biological standard of living did not improve in the Soviet Union as much as it did in other European countries.

Introduces the reader to the importance of studying of the history of human physical stature, and the main findings of the recent decades.

Argues that the Industrial Revolution occurred at a time when the demographic system ceased to be Malthusian.

Develops a one-equation model to reproduce the salient features of population growth in Europe from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution.