Shadow employment may follow from two main labour market failures. In the first, official market labour taxation distortions make it ineffective for some agents to engage in registered employment due to a tax wedge, which makes the revenues from unofficial employment higher than the...

In this paper, results of the research on measurement of shadow economy in Poland in the period 1995 - 2007 are presented. This research is motivated by controversial existing estimates. First, some definitions of shadow economy are reviewed. Then, on the basis of monetary methods, an...

Ethical norms on the Internet are believed to be more permissive than in the ‘real’ world and this belief often serves as an explanation for the prevalence of the so-called digital “piracy”. In this study we provide evidence from a vignette experiment that contradicts this claim....