In this paper, we demonstrate that negative language is employed as a mechanism through which regulators express their differentiated level of concern and pass on stronger messages to riskier reviewees. We investigate the language tone employed by the internationally-influential U.S. Securities...

This paper investigates the impact of labor unionization on IPO underpricing. We demonstrate that the existence of unions reduces underpricing by 11.20%. Unionized IPOs are associated with downward offer-price revisions, higher cost of capital, inferior firm-operating performance, and...

In this paper we provide evidence for the effects of social norms on audit pricing by studying companies belonging to the alcohol, firearms, gambling, military, nuclear power, and tobacco industries, which are often described as “sin” companies. We hypothesize that the disparities between...

In this paper we provide evidence for the effects of social norms on audit pricing by studying companies belonging to the alcohol, firearms, gambling, military, nuclear power, and tobacco industries, which are often described as “sin” companies. We hypothesize that the disparities between...

The introduction of accounting and auditing oversight boards (OBs) has been promoted on a global scale as a key component of the international financial architecture that has emerged over the past two decades. Such institutions, modeled on the Anglo-American tradition, are domestically organized...