The current article focuses on Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) in Turkey. It adopts a retrospective approach focusing on economic, political, historical, and social contexts that shaped emergence of ISI, its performance, success, and failure. Understanding initial conditions in the...

This article tries to shed light on import substitution industrialization (ISI) in Egypt. The country had witnessed political instability, social changes, and economic hardships. In this regard, those signs are better understood by having a retrospective view into its economic and political...