Adopted a decade after the commencement of VAT in the UK, the Korean VAT was largely modelled on the European precedent and most features of the tax have parallels with the traditional VAT. In two significant aspects, however, the Korean VAT diverges from its European counterparts. The first...

CO2 MTIC fraud is an exceedingly fast moving, quickly mutating fraud. Litigation has moved rapidly from the UK to Germany. The litigation line stretches from Dosanjh's £39m (€41,039,261) fraud in the first three months of 2009 to CITIBank's £9,893,821 fraud in July 2009, and then jumps to...

This three-part paper considers three MTIC fraud cases in CO2 permits, the Dosanjh, CITIBank, and Deutsche Bank cases. Dosanjh was convicted of stealing £39m from January 20 through May 6, 2009, CITIBank is presently responding to allegations that it improperly claimed £9,893,821 in input...

The Nomenclature that is governed by the Convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonized System Convention, Brussels, 14 June 1983) has resulted in an adjustment of many nomenclatures used worldwide for statistical and customs classifi cation because...

Many legal advisers, scientists and practitioners know since many years, that the Common External Tariff (CET) of the European Community (EC) is being applied non-uniform from the different national customs services and that the economic operators are using this systematic fault of the EC for...

The customs sanctions of the EU-27 are not harmonized - the sanctioning of customs offences is still the task of the twenty-seven Member States and their national legislation. The US has attacked the purely national customs sanctions of the EU as break of the WTO rules in the WTO Dispute...