Over the past decades, actual tax revenue generated has consistently fall short of the budgeted tax revenue expected due to tax fraud; this is issue has left government with little funds to finance the huge capital expenditure needed for economic development. It is important to address the issue...

Financial fraud had for long been seen as a menace that led to the collapse of many organizations in the world. The Federal Government in a bid to reduce the cases of financial fraud, established many anti-graft agencies but yet the efforts seemed not to have yielded any results. Recently, the...

The discourse about illicit financial flows (IFFs) repeatedly stresses promoting development and equality in the world, but the links between them are much more difficult to ascertain. As defined in relation to Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 16, the concept of what is illicit rests on...

The “fraud triangle”—a theory of why people commit fraud—is the preeminent framework for analyzing fraud in the accounting literature. It developed out of studies of fraudsters, including inmates convicted of embezzlement. The three components of the fraud triangle are (1) an incentive...

The incessant tax related fraud and malfeasance resulting to corporate collapse and the failure of the statutory audit to detect and prevent fraudulent activities which had led to the impoverishment of investors had given rise to the need for forensic audit and investigations. In view of the...

The Nomenclature that is governed by the Convention on the Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System (Harmonized System Convention, Brussels, 14 June 1983) has resulted in an adjustment of many nomenclatures used worldwide for statistical and customs classifi cation because...