studies the impact of the substantial change in Germany’s parental leave system on maternal employment. The aim of the reform … benefits to estimate the impact of the reform. I incorporated the mother’s decision to substitute her care time with the public … after the reform implementation. Only for high-income mothers, the reform produced a significant decrease in the employment …

of mothers in the target group, but only weak evidence of an increase in contracted hours of work. However, both … adjustments are only short term following the reform. When we consider subgroups of mothers more closely, we find substantial … heterogeneity in the affected outcomes and the timing of these effects. In particular, when we exclude mothers on job …

instrumental variables approach. We combine data on mothers from the EU-LFS, eligibility cutoffs gathered from country experts and … the context, timing, and the point of estimation. The results suggest that the childcare effect is the highest in CEE … countries, where at this child age, maternal participation is still relatively low compared to that of mothers with older …