We examine insurance against loan default when lenders can screen in primary markets at a heterogeneous cost and learn loan quality over time. In equilibrium, low-cost lenders screen loans but some high-cost lenders insure them. Insured loans are risk-free and liquid in a secondary market, while...

The paper aims at presenting a coherent algorithm allowing to evaluate tender bids in accordance with the principles of value-based management. The evaluation of tender results in many cases lacks rigorous methodology and often involves an inherent element of subjectivity. The mathematical...