The paper surveys the main trends of per capita income convergence in the European Union. It stresses that income … disparities have ceased to diminish across the European regions since 1980, although convergence between countries has continued … behind income convergence are analized by means of the decomposition of per capita income in labor productivity and …

the real-nominal convergence nexus from the perspective of euro area entry. We argue that the initial level of economic … development as measured by per capita income and the speed of real convergence have a bearing on the strategies to follow and on …

its member states and to speed up the process of convergence. This paper empirically explores the effectiveness of …