to measure nonstandard, boundary forms and alternative definitions of employment and unemployment. Our calculations show … alternative unemployment rates that are sharply higher in Romania and moderately higher in Estonia and Russia. …

This paper develops a model of unemployment fluctuations. The model keeps the architecture of the Barro and Grossman … flexible to completely rigid. With some price rigidity, aggregate demand influences unemployment through a simple mechanism … thus increases labor demand, which in turn reduces unemployment. We use the comparative-statistics predictions of the model …