European metals end engineering industry has managed to keep its position in global competition. Germany has become the leading manufacturer of machines and equipment. Metals and engineering products are used in nearly all industries and businesses, and especially due to emerging economy growth...

According to a company survey, global value chains are changing. Even though big changes were expected during the Covid period, the actual changes were quite small at the time. Instead, after the early 2022, more obvious change has already been in the sourcing of materials and parts. They are...

This paper examines the EU development cooperation policy and the Lomé convention system. Development cooperation policy aims to achieve a socially and economically sustainable development in the poorest countries. In 1975 the European Community member states and a group of African, Caribbean...

According to a company survey, global value chains are changing. Even though big changes were expected during the Covid period, the actual changes were quite small at the time. Instead, after the early 2022, more obvious change has already been in the sourcing of materials and parts. They are...

Tutkimuksessa arvioidaan Palvelutyönantajat ry:hyn kuuluvien alatoimialojen tekemien myyntiä, kannattavuutta, henkilöstön määrää ja suhdanteita koskevien ennusteiden tarkkuutta sekä analysoidaan ennustemuuttujien tilastollisia ominaisuuksia. Ennustemuuttujina toimivat ns. saldoluvut,...

Suhdanneindikaattorit ovat muuttujia, joilla pyritään kuvaamaan ja ennustamaan talouden kehitystä, erityisesti sen käännepisteitä. Indikaattorit perustuvat tyypillisesti esimerkiksi yrityksille tai kuluttajille tehtyihin tiedusteluihin, joiden avulla kerätystä aineistosta lasketaan...