, quantitative research tends to consider effects on child wellbeing and generally concludes paternal incarceration harms children …’ relationships with their children’s mothers. Effects on mothers’ parenting, however, are more inconsistent, as recent paternal …

characteristics, as well as mother-father and parent-child relationships, with regard to differences in wellbeing for children living … differences in returns to (effects of) these characteristics and behaviors for children in the two family types. …