learning were concentrated among initially better-performing schools and students. At the same time, learning outcomes may have … decreased for schools and students that were lower performing at baseline. Finally, the study finds that incentivizing students …

-taking is driven by those at the bottom of the income distribution. Third, in the presence of conspicuous consumption, access to …

different birth cohorts. Relative inequality of opportunity represents an important portion of total income inequality, with …. This is a quite different age profile from that of inequality of outcomes (income or consumption), which generally … countries, notably Italy, these trends have failed to translate into decreasing inequality of opportunity in the income …