Why do investors entrust active mutual fund managers with large sums of money while receiving negative excess returns … on average? Our explanation is that investors have a coarser information set than fund managers which leads them to … systematically misinterpret managers' skill. When investors are unable to correctly quantify risk because they have no knowledge of …

by hedge fund managers. Three quarters of hedge funds shifted their investment styles at least once over the period from …-looking. Instead, we show evidence that managers of style-shifting funds exhibit both style-timing ability and the skill of generating …