Production often causes pollution as a by-product. Once pollution problems become too severe, regulation is introduced … and decline of pollution can be explained by policyinduced technology shifts. …

production. Production exhibits increasing returns to scale on aggregate. Urban environmental pollution, as a force that … after finite time. -- Cities ; Urbanisation ; Pollution ; Growth ; Migration ; Sustainable Development …

Production often causes pollution as a by-product. Once pollution problems become too severe, regulation is introduced … claim that the rise and decline of pollution can be explained by policy-induced technology shifts …

Production often causes pollution as a by-product. Once environmental degradation becomes too severe, regulation is …-improvements. The model gives an explanation for the inverted U-shaped pollution-income relation found in empirical research for many …