implicit subsidies that equaled 3.0 percent of GDP, on average, in 1999. Moreover, the paper argues, these petroleum subsidies …-and also procyclical, complicating macroeconomic management. Nonetheless, the elimination of petroleum subsidies is often …

within a multisector computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. A reduction in the government subsidy raises petroleum … will be the most significantly affected by the subsidy reduction. …

Rising fuel subsidies have contributed to fiscal pressures in India. A key policy concern regarding subsidy reform is … implications of fuel subsidy reform in India. Fuel subsidies are found to be badly targeted, with the richest ten percent of … households receiving seven times more in benefits than the poorest ten percent. Although subsidy reform would generate …

-inclusive subsidies. Halving tax-inclusive subsidies could reduce projected fiscal deficits in subsidizing countries by one-sixth and …Petroleum product subsidies have again started to increase with the rebound in international prices. This note reviews … recent developments in subsidy levels and argues that reforming the policy framework for setting petroleum product prices is …

subsidies are absorbing an increasing share of scarce public resources. This paper identifies the issues that need to be … discussed when analyzing the fiscal and social costs of fuel subsidies. Using examples from analyses recently undertaken for … five countries, it also identifies the magnitude of consumer subsidies and their fiscal implications. The results of the …