in this area uses “backward” citations to measure technological knowledge acquired by the patenting entities studied …. “Forward” citations (citations to the firm’s patents made by other patents) have been interpreted as a measure of the knowledge … good measure of knowledge flows. Our paper assesses the legitimacy of using European patent citations as a measure of …

innovation experience, the results further highlight the important role of knowledge provided by skilled employees and unobserved …This paper investigates whether firms innovate persistently or discontinuously over time using an innovation panel data … set on German manufacturing and service firms for the period 1994-2002. We find that innovation behaviour is permanent at …

process innovations, this paper reports new results on the relationship between innovation and employment growth in Germany … CIS data. It establishes a theoretical link between employment growth and innovation output. The econometric analysis …

issue, we build a model in which the value of an innovation depends both on the type of innovation implemented (product …

trial-and-error and learning by consuming. The key question that is addressed is: how do consumers deal with innovation? By … bringing together a number of threads within the innovation literature my claim is that consumers, akin to firms, follow …

There is much talk of the knowledge economy, and the central role of ideas and knowledge in generating economic growth …. This paper provides a brief review of the economic literature on how skills/ knowledge/ ideas might contribute to higher …

of analysis. Considering as unit of analysis the region of Beira Interior (Portugal), this article aims to provide a TOWS …