exchanging ideas, solving work-related problems, generating new knowledge …

) from upper-tail knowledge. As a proxy for the historical presence of knowledge elites, we use city-level subscriptions to … firm survey from the 1840s, we shed light on the mechanism: upper-tail knowledge raised productivity in innovative …

THS. Linked employer-employee data for Portugal enable us to account for observable as well as unobservable worker quality …

Portugal from 1995-2004, we describe temporal patterns of firms' demand for labor and estimate production-functions and …

This paper considers the effects of Chinese import competition on firm-level labor market outcomes in Portugal. We … examine direct competition in the Portuguese market and indirect competition Portugal's largest export markets in Western … export markets, but minimal effects of direct competition in Portugal. Our findings also suggest a centrally important role …

travel for technology sourcing and innovation by examining whether patenting in European regions is affected by the number of … Travelers, we find that controlling for a region's R&D spending and size, innovation is increasing in the number of business …, compared to Portugal's Algarve region.Institutional subscribers to the NBER working paper series, and residents of developing …

impact of policy uncertainty and quantify its aggregate implications. We apply this method to Portugal's accession to the …

-fifth of the cross-sectional gender wage gap in Portugal …