This study compares the international transmission of both nominal and real business cycle shocks from 1861 to 1913 in Scandinavia and the Southern European countries of Italy, Portugal, and Spain. Cointegration analysis and estimated vector autoregression for real GDP and inflation reveal the...

In this paper the events of the expansion abroad of the large Italian banks during the period 1900-1950 have been reconstructed. This expansion has been analysed using a geographical criterion considering the different regions where Italian banks created branches or affiliated banks between the...

I analyze time-varying risk premia in long-term government securities during the classical gold standard period 1880-1914. I employ a quasi-capital asset pricing model (CAPM) to analyze the time path of systematic risk for a cross section of six countries that adhered to the gold standard to...

The essays of this volume were presented at a workshop held at the European University significance. At the discussion on that occasion, the role of gender had emerged as a central component in the production of historical work and the need was felt to continue the discussion. Therefore this...

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the reasons for de Gaulle's framatic policy choices in 1958, which, if they marked a reversal of his earlier views on Europe, were to provide the key to understanding his subsequent policy towards West Germany, Britain and the EEC. r.