This paper examines the differences in accrual-based and real earnings management across countries from the perspective of investor protection. Following prior research (Leuz et al., 2003), we hypothesize that accrual-based earnings management is more constrained by strict discipline in...

This study investigates discretionary earnings management practices, tracing the changes over the years in selected top performing and highly liquid listed Indian firms. It empirically measures the impact of corporate governance, financial legislation and global reporting standards on the firms'...

This study aims to examine the factors that explain the reasons why non-GAAP earnings management is carried out based on the fraud diamond theory (FDT). FDT is a theory widely used in behavioral research to explain the factors that cause fraud in a company. In addition, this study also explains...