We evaluate the impact of international competition on firm-level perfor- mance in Belgium. In the manufacturing sector … we consider both the impact of global competition through measures of import penetration and the impact of within …

indicate that, both industry-level import competition and firm-level outsourcing to China reduce firm employment growth and … Chinese imports is large. Industry import competition from China accounts for 42% (20%) of the within firm increase in the …

indicate that, both industry-level import competition and firm-level outsourcing to China reduce firm employment growth and … Chinese imports is large. Industry import competition from China accounts for 42% (20%) of the within firm increase in the …

-level import competition and firm-level outsourcing. We find that imports from China are much more important than imports from … other low-wage countries. Industry-level import competition from China reduced firm employment and induced skill upgrading …. Import competition from China alone can explain around 30 percent of the total skill upgrading in Belgian manufacturing …

estimation results, we relate productivity estimates with import competition, using firm and product level measures of import … competition. We find that if productivity at the firm level tends to positively react to increased import competition, the multi …-product firms response varies according to the relative importance of the product that faces stronger import competition in the firm …