, excepting Russia and most post-Yugoslav countries. Despite weak growth in the EU, exports of the accession countries (and of … Ukraine) performed quite well. This must be attributed to the ongoing growth in labour productivity and related cost … prospective EU membership of the candidate countries. The general concern over potential loss of competitiveness due to …

The transition countries approach EU enlargement with GDP growth outperforming the 'old' EU. In 2003, Poland's economy … some moderate slowdown in Romania, Bulgaria, Croatia, Hungary, Slovenia and Slovakia. A definite growth slowdown was only … recorded in Serbia and Montenegro. Russia and Ukraine performed very well, registering significant and balanced growth. The …

Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Slovakia and Slovenia. A challenge to the enlarged Union's (EU … Belarus, Russia and Ukraine as well as in China. For each country, it provides a forecast relating to GDP growth, inflation … positive growth figures recorded by the global economy as a whole. Central and Eastern Europe, together with Russia, Ukraine …

The Russian attack on Ukraine in February 2022 shook continental geopolitics and led to a major shift in EU energy …, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland and Germany). By locating the national energy policies in a historical context … policy. The necessary speed of the combined diversification away from the Russian energy sources, fossil fuel phase-out and …

Romania), of two CIS economies (Russia and Ukraine) and of Turkey.A systematic approach in terms of different time horizons at …This paper investigates the equilibrium exchange rates of three Southeastern European countries (Bulgaria, Croatia and ….For Russia, a first look is taken at the Dutch Disease phenomenon as a possible driving force behind equilibrium exchange rates …

accelerate EU moves towards energy diversification away from Russia. However, the economic impact of this on Russia will be …It remains unclear whether or not Russia will actually invade Ukraine, and if it does so, what form this invasion will … take. In this note, we outline two broad scenarios: targeted strikes by Russia in Ukraine accompanied by further non …

the back of high energy prices. If the EU were to ban imports of energy from Russia, or if Russia itself limits or stops … the most severe economic and financial impact will be in Ukraine and Russia. Much of Ukraine is already devastated by the … gas exports to the EU, the trade impacts would be much more significant. The medium- and long-term outlook for Ukraine …

the frontiers or with the amputation of these ones; Russia’s conquest of the country, taking into account EU …’s weaknesses (is Ukraine a selfsustainable state?), but especially to EU’s, the geopolitical objectives of which are in complete …The events in Ukraine are in the thick of actuality, at the crossroads of East and West. From a buffer zone it has …