by experience; extension and credit are the major drivers of agricultural efficiency levels in Africa. …The study investigates whether African agricultural efficiency levels has been improving or not and what drives its … over the years based on 442 frontier studies using meta-regression analysis. The results show that mean efficiency …

, this implies that over the years, negative efficiency change characterized the growth of African agriculture and food …The present study investigates the development (i.e., rise or decline) in African agricultural efficiency level and … what drives the efficiency over the years. A total of 379 frontier studies resulting in 534 farm level efficiency estimates …