firms. This is consistent with educated workers being more effective at complex tasks like labor management. In all … gender wage gap is explained by selection into low wage occupations and firms. …

lumpy adjustment in capital. To this purpose we use a rich firm-level panel of Spanish manufacturing data that combines … spikes, but its nature depends upon observable heterogeneity. We find evidence of replacement activity for firms involved in … firms. However, long learning curves seem to be associated with innovative investments. …

that shortages are related to educational attainment rather than the failure of firms to adjust wages. There are two … since a firm must wait longer than usual to fill its vacancies. This may lead firms to employ less skilled and more … unskilled workers. Second, labour shortages make it less easy for firms to extract effort from their workers. Both of these …

to a non-monotonic process of international specialization, in which the share of entrepreneurial firms in the large …

Europe. We find that (i) larger firms are less efficient than smaller firms, (ii) greater leverage contributes to corporate … opposite is true when minority shareholders hold a substantial fraction of the firm’s equity. In the analysis, we distinguish …

, we compare the extent of misallocation among firms within countries. We document high variation in firms' marginal …) closer to developed country benchmarks. Small firms and non-exporters have less access to finance and have higher returns to … capital in general. Self reported measures of obstacles to firms' operations suggest access to finance is the most important …

manufacturing sector, where there is evidence of a much greater degree of stationarity of comparative labour productivity … manufacturing suggest that convergence of GDP per worker must have occurred through trends in other sectors and through …