migration for individuals with low cognitive skills, implying a strong positive selection of less educated migrants with respect … sorting of migrants across destinations, whereas adaptability has no significant effect on sorting. This evidence suggests …

penalty. In addition, few studies have considered overeducation among immigrants. This paper uses panel data analyses to … data, the panel approach addresses individual heterogeneity effects (motivation, ability, and compensating differentials … effects. Second, based on panel fixed effects analyses there is no penalty for overeducation for ESB immigrants. However, NESB …