Carbon pricing at appropriate levels is critical in the response to climate change, but currently only a fifth of global emissions are priced. Successful carbon pricing in Asia can help jurisdictions in the region achieve their climate targets cost-effectively, spur investments into low-carbon...

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region is vulnerable to the effects of climate change. However, urbanization and energy supply are essential to the ASEAN economy. This study examines the effects of CO2 emissions and urban population on GDP per capita in 10 ASEAN countries from...

Can developing economies achieve growth that benefits everyone and protects the planet? This report explores how low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) can achieve inclusive and sustainable economic transformation (ISET) - where economic growth benefits all of society and protects our planet....

This study examines the dual impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on sustainable economic growth in Asia, focusing on its effects on Green GDP, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and the Environmental Performance Index (EPI). Using data from 38 Asian countries spanning 1999 to 2022 and...

Sri Lanka stands at a pivotal moment. After overcoming its most severe economic crisis since Independence, the country has shown remarkable signs of recovery and stabilisation. Yet, significant challenges remain - from persistent poverty to looming global uncertainties - threatening to stall...

This paper draws a concise overview of the economic relationship between the European Union (EU) and selected Asian regions in the context of the twin transition - green and digital. A series of significant initiatives adopted in recent years to consolidate the cooperation with these regions are...

Geopolitics is an overarching characteristic of much of this outlook for the key themes in the global energy economy in 2025. The start of Donald Trump's second term in the White House will herald new pressures to multiple layers of the global economy, from trade to labour, monetary policy to...

Supply-chain bottlenecks emerged alongside unprecedented inflationary surges amid the resulting mismatches in supply and demand for goods and services throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. This study employs a local projection approach to investigate the inflationary impact of global supply-chain...

The Asian Development Bank has adopted internal practices aligned with its commitment to help its members achieve gender equality. This study analyzes panel data on its staff spanning 2000-2022 to understand gender differences in salaries and career paths of its three staff groups. A...

This study is a novel attempt to analyze the patterns and trends of urbanization in medium to large cities in Central Asia. It encompasses a broad range of parameters, and employs an evidence-based approach to outlining strategic directions and actions for fostering green and resilient urban...

This study examines the impact of inward foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth in South and Southeast Asia from 2006 to 2022, using a comprehensive panel dataset and multiple econometric techniques. The baseline estimation employs Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS), with...

This overview report describes the outcome of a series of audits carried out between 2021 and 2023 by the Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety of the European Commission in four EU Member States (MS). The objective of the audit series was to evaluate the situation and control measures...

This overview report describes the outcome of a series of audits carried out between 2021 and 2023 by the Directorate-General for Health and Food Safety of the European Commission in four EU Member States (MS). The objective of the audit series was to evaluate the situation and control measures...

The study analyzes the impact of changes in outbound tourism from the People's Republic of China (PRC) on the subregions of Asia and the Pacific-Southeast Asia, East Asia, South Asia, Central and West Asia, and the Pacific. It conducts three simulations to understand the broader economic and...

Integration into global markets serves as a powerful catalyst for economic growth in developing economies, offering the potential to create high paying jobs and foster development. This paper uses the structural gravity model to quantify potential merchandise exports for Asian economies,...

The impact of intellectual capital on green innovation has been extensively studied at the firm level. However, the influence of moderating factors on this dynamic at the national level remains underexplored in previous studies. This study examines the role of institutional quality in moderating...

VUCA (volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous) events like COVID-19 can create unpredictable scenarios for public sector to tackle, forcing them to adopt digital applications to respond to challenges more quickly. COVID-19 saw governments pursuing digital public sector innovation more...

This study explores the relationship between digitalization and entrepreneurial innovation across developing economies. We assess whether higher levels of digital technology development within a country enhance the innovation potential of its entrepreneurial ventures and how this impact varies...

Aging populations in Asia are worried that they are facing a "care crisis," with many older people in need of care having no one to care for them. However, we do not have a clear picture of current care patterns: How much care is currently being consumed? Who is providing that care? Are women...

This paper draws a concise overview of the economic relationship between the European Union (EU) and selected Asian regions in the context of the twin transition - green and digital. A series of significant initiatives adopted in recent years to consolidate the cooperation with these regions are...

This study investigates the poverty reduction gains that are associated with access to digital technologies by using panel data based on 113 countries from 2000 to 2022. We address crosssectional and temporal dependency with the Driscoll-Kraay technique, and endogeneity with the Lewbel two-stage...

This study examines the dual impact of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) on sustainable economic growth in Asia, focusing on its effects on Green GDP, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and the Environmental Performance Index (EPI). Using data from 38 Asian countries spanning 1999 to 2022 and...

Purpose - This paper aims to obtain a recent estimate of the cost of precautionary foreign reserve accumulation that emerging market and developing economies (EMDEs) had to endure to protect themselves against the risks of financial globalization. In addition, the study estimates the cost of...

Greater Asia is emerging as a major factor in the global energy transition. This shift is associated with growing independence from external actors such as the European Union and the United States, with unfolding developments increasingly concentrated within the region itself. Key trends include...

This paper uses results from leading biophysical models in an established macro-economic modeling framework to offer insights on potential economic consequences of climate change in Asia and the Pacific. The analysis covers shocks in agriculture, fisheries, forestry, energy demand, capital (from...

As Asia faces the dual challenges of rapid economic expansion and mounting environmental pressures, the region's ability to balance growth with sustainability has become a focal point of global discourse. With increasing energy demands, escalating CO₂ emissions, and widening income inequality,...