Several countries now require banks or money market funds to impose state-contingent costs on shortterm creditors to absorb financial stress. We study these requirements as part of the broader prudential toolkit in a model with five key ingredients: banks may face an aggregate stress state with...

This paper studies the effects of introducing a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) on economic output, bank intermediation and financial stability in a closed economy using an Agentbased Stock Flow Consistent (AB-SFC) Model. Thereby a digital bank run is simulated across various economic...

This paper evaluates the effects of government bailout policies on bank performance in the EU banking sector. Using a unique dataset of government supports, I identify banks which received state support in years 2008-2014 and corresponding control group of banks. I apply...

This paper studies the effects of introducing a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) on economic output, bank intermediation and financial stability in a closed economy using an Agent-based Stock Flow Consistent (AB-SFC) Model. Thereby a digital bank run is simulated across various economic...

Several countries now require banks or money market funds to impose state-contingent costs on shortterm creditors to absorb financial stress. We study these requirements as part of the broader prudential toolkit in a model with five key ingredients: banks may face an aggregate stress state with...

This paper develops a formula to numerically estimate the unsubsidized, fair-market value of the toxic assets purchased with Federal Reserve loans. It finds that subsidy rates on these loans were on average 33.9 percent at origination. In contrast, by the 3rd quarter of the 2010, there was on...

This paper examines the consequences of Chinese regulators deviating from a long-standing full bailout policy in addressing the distress of a city-level commercial bank. This policy shift led to a persistent widening of credit spreads and a significant decline in funding ratios for negotiable...

In the aftermath of the European sovereign debt crisis, the question of who should bear the burden of banking crises has been a cornerstone of the new supervisory framework in Europe. We evaluate the bail-in regulation (BRRD) for bank bond holdings using a proprietary database covering holdings...

This paper quanti.es the future implications of repayment of bailout loans received by Greece from the EU in the previous decade. These debt obligations amount today to 240 billion euros or 70% of the country’s total public debt and have to be repaid by 2070. This is investigated in a dynamic...

This paper examines the consequences of Chinese regulators deviating from a long-standing full bailout policy in addressing the distress of a city-level commercial bank. This policy shift led to a persistent widening of credit spreads and a significant decline in funding ratios for negotiable...

This paper develops a debt-run model to study the effects of liquidity injections on debt markets in the presence of a renegotiation option. In the model, creditors decide when to withdraw their funding and equityholders can renegotiate the contract terms of debt. We show that when equityholders...

In a global game, I show that creditor bailins, when well-designed, can attain the exact same level of bank stability as costly creditor bailouts. This result holds for both risk-averse and risk-neutral creditors. Because bailouts are costly but do not necessarily provide a stability advantage,...

This paper evaluates the effects of government bailout policies on bank performance in the EU banking sector. Using a unique dataset of government supports, I identify banks which received state support in years 2008-2014 and corresponding control group of banks. I apply...

The feedback loop between sovereign and financial sector insolvency has been identified as a key driver of the European debt crisis and has motivated an array of policy proposals. We revisit this "doom loop" focusing on governments' incentives to default. To this end, we present a simple...

We analyze the effects of bailout policies on borrower surplus in a two-period Hotelling model of competition with switching costs and poaching. Before the second period of competition, banks may sometimes fail or face capacity constraints because of random shocks and uncertain bailouts. If...

This study examines the long-term impact of the TARP bailout on bank risk-taking. Using data from 2005 to 2014, our results indicate that TARP can help reduce TARP banks’ risk-taking. And this effect becomes less significant in a shorter sample period (2005 to 2010). Furthermore, the empirical...

The recent bailout of Credit Suisse is noteworthy for many reasons. One of them is that, while AT1 bondholders were wiped out, shareholders were not. This violates the ‘absolute priority rule’ which is central to corporate reorganisations and bank resolution regimes. In this article, we...

Past papers show that public bailouts increase the moral hazard of rescued banks. What happens to other banks in the banking sector? Using a hand-collected dataset of European banks from 2007 to 2017 and adopting a dynamic difference-in-differences approach, we document that public bailouts...

This paper shows that China has launched a new global system for cross-border rescue lending to countries in debt distress. We build the first comprehensive dataset on China’s overseas bailouts between 2000 and 2021 and provide new insights into China’s growing role in the global financial...

We analyze the design of bailout regimes when investment is distorted by a toomany-to-fail problem. The first-best allocation equalizes benefits from more banks investing in high-return projects with endogenously higher systemic risk due to more banks failing simultaneously. A standard bailout...

The interface of political economy with arts and literature has become dominated by a particular image: capital's Grinch-like theft of the future. But this image overlooks the peculiar temporal structure of neoliberalism, which renews its broken promises by making up ever more excuses for the...

Despite a formal 'no-bailout clause,' we estimate significant net present value transfers from the European Union to Cyprus, Greece, Ireland, Portugal, and Spain, ranging from roughly 0.5% (Ireland) to a whopping 43% (Greece) of 2010 output during the Eurozone crisis. We propose a model to...

We show the anticipation of a bailout of distressed firms worsens ex ante adverse selection, causing a market freeze and inviting government intervention - a "bailout trap." When firms of heterogenous qualities raise financing, high-quality firms are willing to bear adverse selection costs...

An outside stakeholder’s commitment to bail out a levered investment fund mightencourage the fund manager to take extreme risks. But what if the bailout were harsh?The loan would have a penalty rate and the manager would have to sacrifice partequity interest in the fund. I show that as the...

The feedback loop between sovereign and financial sector insolvency has been identified as a key driver of the European debt crisis and has motivated an array of policy proposals. We revisit this "doom loop" focusing on governments' incentives to default. To this end, we present a simple...

Why did the Eurozone crisis prove to be so difficult to resolve? Why was it resolved in a manner in which some countries bore a much larger share of the pain than other countries? Why did no country leave the Eurozone rather than implement unprecedented austerity? Who supported and who opposed...

This paper studies the link between government guarantees for banks and bank asset concentration. We show theoretically that these guarantees, when combined with high leverage, incentivize banks to further invest in asset classes they are already heavily exposed to: the risk-taking via asset...

The UBS- Credit Suisse (CS) merger in March 2023, one of the biggest banking unions in history, was an emergency rescue deal engineered by Swiss authorities to avoid more market-shaking turmoil in global banking. The merger resulted in a significant increase in the combined stakeholder net...

We analyze the design of bailout regimes when investment is distorted by a too-many-to-fail problem. The first-best allocation equalizes benefits from more banks investing in high-return projects with endogenously higher systemic risk due to more banks failing simultaneously. A standard bailout...

Implicit government guarantees to bail out troubled banks can produce a sizable fiscal contingent liability. Drawing on a rich history of various forms of staggered bailouts, this paper studies the link between bank bailouts and fiscal contingent liabilities using bank-level data for...

The economic and financial crisis of the year 2008 highlighted the need for banking sector regulation via the creation of the banking union. The Bank Recovery and Resolution Directive (BRRD) represents an important milestone in the formation of the banking union. It is supposed inter alia to...

This paper studies the link between bank recapitalization and welfare in a dynamic production economy. The model features financial frictions because banks benefit of a cost advantage at monitoring firms and face costly equity issuance. The competitive equilibrium outcome is inecient because...