As a part of a two-volume series, this report provides a strategic assessment of Finland, Sweden, Denmark and Germany in the context of escalating geopolitical threats in the Baltic Sea region. It analyses how each country has recalibrated its defence posture - through adjustments to military...

As part of a two-volume series, this report provides a critical analysis of NATO's north-eastern flank - Poland, Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia - as a vital bulwark against evolving Russian threats. It examines how the four countries have transitioned from post-Soviet vulnerabilities into pivotal...

The European Union (EU) Biodiversity Strategy for 2030 sets the target for protected areas in the EU at 30% of its sea area, one third of which needs to be strictly protected. While there is growing interest in studying the progress of ocean protection, there is a need for an overview of the...

In total, nine case studies in the Baltic Sea, North Sea, Atlantic EU Western Waters and some outermost regions (Madeira and Canary Islands) were selected to gather more information on the response of the fishing activities to MPA designation and implementation. The selection of case studies is...

The study focuses on the deployment of renewable and low-carbon gases in the Baltic Energy Market Interconnection Plan (BEMIP) region, focusing on the 8 BEMIP Member States (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Sweden). The report 1) assesses the economic and...

The study focuses on the deployment of renewable and low-carbon gases in the Baltic Energy Market Interconnection Plan (BEMIP) region, focusing on the 8 BEMIP Member States (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, and Sweden). The report 1) assesses the economic and...

Plattfische wie Scholle (Pleuronectes platessa), Flunder (Platichthys flesus) und Kliesche (Limanda limanda) zählen zu den wichtigsten Zielfischarten der Angelfischerei in der Nord- und Ostsee. In der Ostsee werden jährlich erhebliche Mengen Plattfische durch die Angelfischerei gefangen, wobei...

Plattfische wie Scholle (Pleuronectes platessa), Flunder (Platichthys flesus) und Kliesche (Limanda limanda) zählen zu den wichtigsten Zielfischarten der Angelfischerei in der Nord- und Ostsee. In der Ostsee werden jährlich erhebliche Mengen Plattfische durch die Angelfischerei gefangen, wobei...

Russia apparently aims to be capable of attacking targets in the Baltic Sea region from Lake Ladoga, which is located north of Saint Petersburg and only 40 kilometres from the Finnish border. Since 2023, Russia has been evaluating the deployment of corvettes equipped with cruise missiles there....

Fifteen case studies in the Baltic Sea, North Sea, EU Atlantic Western Waters and some outermost regions (focusing on the Azores, Madeira and Canary Islands) were selected to gather insights into potential spillover effects of different types of marine protected areas (MPAs). The majority of the...

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are widely recognized as an important tool for biodiversity conservation and fisheries management. Despite empirical evidence that abundance and biomass of fished species increase within MPA boundaries, the potential for MPAs to provide fisheries benefits to...

Coherent Resilience 2023 - Baltic (CORE 23-B) was a Tabletop Exercise on the energy system of the Baltic States with a focus on maritime critical energy infrastructure protection against hybrid threats. The Tabletop Exercise took place on 13-17 November 2023 in Riga, Latvia. The aim of the...

Coherent Resilience 2023 - Baltic (CORE 23-B) was a Tabletop Exercise on the energy system of the Baltic States with a focus on maritime critical energy infrastructure protection against hybrid threats. The Tabletop Exercise took place on 13-17 November 2023 in Riga, Latvia. The aim of the...

Following the advice of the 2014 evaluation of the Thünen Institute by the German Science and Humanities Council, the Thünen Institute has started to encourage its working groups to be evaluated by external experts as part of its quality management. The Marine Recreational Fisheries Working...

Kaliningrad Oblast was created as a war trophy and a symbol of Soviet victory over Nazi Germany in 1945/1946. For nearly seven decades, it played a strictly military role in Soviet and Russian foreign policy, mostly limited to its Baltic Sea surroundings. This changed when Vladimir Putin came...

The study aimsto empirically test Baumol's cost disease hypothesis about to the secular rise in healthcare expenditures for Northern Europe and the Baltic region in recent decades. Panel data regressions and adjusted Baumol variables are applied to the data for 11 countries of Northern Europe...

The rapid growth in the volume of international container transport requires that the entire transport chain become more competitive, including maritime container terminals. The aim of the article is to identify the number and location of major Baltic container terminals and to perform a...

The brackish, semi-enclosed Baltic Sea is especially vulnerable to the possible negative impacts of invasive species. Here, we examine the effects on commercial fish stocks of four species established in the larger areas of the Baltic Sea. The round goby, established in all major basins of the...

Due to its strategic immensity and opportunities for covert action, the maritime domain has become the most prominent arena of modern-day great power rivalry. In the shadow of this confrontation and the Russian war of aggression against Ukraine, the Baltic Sea is now the focus of geopolitical...

This research presents a comparison of the impact of personal and environmental factors on the entrepreneurial intention of students living in Baltic Sea region countries. Data on students' intentions to start their own businesses was obtained from 10054 respondents studying in Estonia, Finland,...

The rapid growth in the volume of international container transport requires that the entire transport chain become more competitive, including maritime container terminals. The aim of the article is to identify the number and location of major Baltic container terminals and to perform a...

Ports are an important part of the global and regional freight supply chain and transport network. Background: as port activities have a significant impact on the economic growth of these countries, it is necessary to constantly analyse and plan port activities, anticipate market changes and...

Climate change is projected to cause brownification of some coastal seas due to increased runoff of terrestrially derived organic matter. We carried out a mesocosm experiment (15 d) to test the effect of this on the planktonic ecosystem. The experiment was set up in 2.2 m 3 bags using four...

Coastal eutrophication is a major issue worldwide, also affecting the Baltic Sea and its coastal waters. Coastal eutrophication management requires further understanding of the complex interlinkages between pressures (and their drivers), and states, impacts and management responses in the...

The present study embarks on a first scientific quantitative assessment of Russian propaganda effects in Baltic States. A cross sectional survey and the partial least squares structural equation modelling was employed as a research tool. It was found, that Russian propaganda is aimed at...

Changes in travellers' behaviour are among the most significant issues in the recent revolution of the tourism industry. The perception of perceived value and quality lead to rethinking priorities and choices while travelling. The purpose of the article is to analyse the expression of...

Interaktionen von Menschen und Wildtieren treten weltweit auf. Managementpläne können die auftretenden Konflikte mildern und Auswirkungen der Interaktionen minimieren. Dabei sind nicht nur ökologische Faktoren zu betrachten und finanzielle und technische Lösungen zu finden. Entscheidend für...

Small and medium-sized ports in the Baltic Sea Region find themselves in a dilemma to participate in the governance of innovation policies such as Smart Specialisation. The Smart Specialisation policy introduced by the European Commission supports regional economic and innovation development...

As the rise of China is increasingly viewed as a security-related threat, Europe's engagement with China is entering a new phase. This report investigates emerging threat perceptions of China in the Baltic Sea region, focusing specifically on six liberal small states: Denmark, Estonia, Finland,...

Interaktionen von Menschen und Wildtieren treten weltweit auf. Managementpläne können die auftretenden Konflikte mildern und Auswirkungen der Interaktionen minimieren. Dabei sind nicht nur ökologische Faktoren zu betrachten und finanzielle und technische Lösungen zu finden. Entscheidend für...

In the quantitative, macro-oriented triple helix literature, synergy is measured indirectly, through patent data, firm data and other secondary statistical sources. These macro-level quantitative studies do not open up for understanding how different processes of cooperation create different...

Small and medium-sized ports in the Baltic Sea Region find themselves in a dilemma to participate in the governance of innovation policies such as Smart Specialisation. The Smart Specialisation policy introduced by the European Commission supports regional economic and innovation development...