We examine the impact of introducing a digital euro, as currently conceptualized in the proposal by the European Commission, on the liquidity situation of banks in Germany. The analyses are the basis for assessing the effects of a digital euro on banks' liquidity, as presented in the 11th Annual...

We study the effects of bank transparency on both banks' asset and liquidity risks, and ultimately, on banking sector stability and welfare. We show how enhanced bank transparency increases banks' vulnerability to excessive deposit outflows, but this threat of a liquidity crisis incentivizes...

This paper attempts to develop a framework for implementing the Countercyclical Capital Buffer (CCyB) in Mongolia's banking sector by identifying early warning indicators of systemic risk and examining the impact of capital adequacy on bank lending. Using quarterly data from 2000 to 2024, the...

Liquidity can evaporate quickly and trigger system-wide stress. This has been observed in several recent episodes, including the "dash for cash" during the COVID-19 pandemic, the liquidity stress faced by GBP funds following liability-driven investment strategies in September 2022, and the...

We ask whether imposing fees on redeeming investors can prevent runs on money market mutual funds (MMFs) and related intermediation arrangements. We first show that imposing a fee only in extraordinary times often leaves the fund susceptible to a preemptive run where investors rush to redeem...

Private money creation lies at the heart of currency competition due to seigniorage rents that are an important contributor to banks' franchise values. However, it undermines the role of central bank in money provision and has been historically a contentious issue. As shifting from private to...

The increasing interdependence between non-banking financial institutions (NBFIs) and the banking sector conditions the provision of liquidity in the financial markets. This paper evaluates how the market stress associated to the bankruptcy of one of the most interconnected NBFIs in an emerging...

The proposed revision of the Swiss Banking Act introduces a public liquidity backstop (PLB) for distressed systemically important banks (SIBs), in part to facilitate resolution. We examine the impact of the PLB on fiscal balances, welfare, and the incentives of bank shareholders and management....

Over the past decade, the debate on the microeconomic effects of financial inclusion has intensified, with a growing body of research exploring how access to financial services impacts banks' behaviors. Studying the effect of financial inclusion on bank risk is crucial because it helps...

In the aftermath of global financial crises and amid increasing complexity in banking operations, understanding and managing various types of risk - especially liquidity, credit, and solvency risks - has become a global concern for financial stability. This study addresses a critical gap in the...

I provide the first systematic analysis of collateral choices in one of the main short-term funding markets, the repurchase agreement (repo) market. In repos, long-term bonds serve as collateral connecting short-term and long-term funding markets. In general collateral repos, banks can choose...

We estimate the uninsured deposit premium - the difference between the rates paid on uninsured versus insured deposits - by linking observed average deposit rates to an estimated share of uninsured deposits. Using U.S. bank data from 1991 to 2025, we show that the average uninsured deposit...

This paper studies the effects of introducing a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) on economic output, bank intermediation and financial stability in a closed economy using an Agentbased Stock Flow Consistent (AB-SFC) Model. Thereby a digital bank run is simulated across various economic...

In this paper, we analyze the competition in the Colombian banking sector using bank-level monthly balance sheet information. We estimate the changes in measures of market power due to the exogenous introduction of a liquidity regulation. Our results suggest that introducing a net stable funding...

We use confidential loan-level data from the European Central Bank to investigate how changes in the countercyclical capital buffer requirement in Germany affect lending to firms. We find evidence showing that tightening the countercyclical capital buffer leads German banks to reduce the volume...

For the past hundred years or more, payments have been primarily associated with banking, and banking as we know it today-being the result of many centuries of evolution-features a bundling of (at least) three main lines of business: lending, deposit-taking, and payment services. In the past 15...

This paper examines the existence and magnitude of an "LCR premium" in Peru's interbank market by exploiting the July 1, 2019 reform that eliminated the punitive outflow weights on repo collateral under the Liquidity Coverage Ratio (LCR). Using daily transactions from January 2019 to February...

The proposed revision of the Swiss Banking Act introduces a public liquidity backstop (PLB) for distressed systemically important banks (SIBs), in part to facilitate resolution. We examine the impact of the PLB on fiscal balances, societal welfare, and the incentives of bank shareholders and...

This study investigates to what extent the significant liquidity injections by the ECB over the past 15 years may have created a dependency by banks on central bank liquidity itself. Following Acharya et al. (2024), I examine whether the ECB's liquidity provision changed banks' incentives to...