We investigate the phenomenon of home bias in scientific citations, where researchers disproportionately cite work from their own country. We develop a benchmark for expected citations based on the relative size of countries, defining home bias as deviations from this norm. Our findings reveal...

We investigate the phenomenon of home bias in scientific citations, where researchers disproportionately cite work from their own country. We develop a benchmark for expected citations based on the relative size of countries, defining home bias as deviations from this norm. Our findings reveal...

Big Science Infrastructures (BSI) generate significant economic and societal impacts beyond their primary research activities and procurement revenues. These impacts include knowledge gains that lead to new products and services, skills training, and enhanced reputational standing. This report...

The Austrian Science Fund (FWF) is the main funder of basic research projects in Austria, selecting projects purely based on their scientific quality, rather than any impacts outside academia. Nevertheless, usually such impacts arise from basic research over time, even if unintended. This study...

This study creatively investigates the strategic and substantive innovation transformation of basic research results from the perspective of intellectual property protection. Using Chinese provincial panel data from 2001 to 2018, the relevant empirical research findings are threefold. First,...

This paper studies the endogenous timing of moves in a game with competition in basic research between a university and a commercial firm. It examines the conditions under which the two entities end up investing in innovation at equilibrium, both under simultaneous and sequential moves. It...

This study was grounded on the established Community of Inquiry (CoI) Framework to assess the behavior of students during the synchronous classes and its association with the Basic Science Process Skills (BSPS). The participants of the study were twenty-eight students from the seventh grade...

Concern that the selection of research projects by peer review disfavors risky science has called attention to ways to incorporate risk into the evaluation of research proposals. This discussion often occurs in the absence of well-defined and developed concepts of what risk and uncertainty mean...

What is the economic rationale for investing in science? Based on an open economy model of creative destruction, we characterize four key factors of optimal investment in basic research: the stage of economic development, the strength of the manufacturing base, the degree of openness, and the...

"This edited volume aspires to bridge the gap between theoretical exploration and practical application. Through a diverse array of chapters, it illuminates how fundamental discoveries in basic science catalyze transformative advancements in business, fostering not only economic growth but also...

Previous research has expressed concerns about firms engaging less in basic research. We contribute to this debate by studying trends in the scientific publishing activities of firms located in Germany. Our results do not confirm a declining trend in raw numbers with numbers indicating that...

Individuals involved in basic research, like other workers, respond to incentives. Funding agencies provide implicit incentives when they specify the rules by which awards are made. The following analysis is an exercise in understanding incentives at an applied level. Specific rules are examined...

We explore the use of patent citations to measure the "basicness" and appropriability of inventions. We propose that the basicness of research underlying an invention can be characterized by the nature of the previous patents cited by an invention; that the basicness of research outcomes relates...

This paper presents empirical evidence that the intensity of research workers' incentives for the distinct tasks of basic and applied research are positively associated with each other. We relate this finding to the prediction of the theoretical literature that when effort is multi-dimensional,...

An underlying rationale for public support of science is that private companies underinvest in research of a risky nature. Yet, risk in science is a poorly understood concept. This paper sets out the foundations for understanding, measuring and managing risk in science. We review insights...

The decades-long effort to produce a workable HIV vaccine has hardly been a waste of public and private resources. To the contrary, the scientific know-how acquired along the way has served as the critical foundation for the development of vaccines against the novel, pandemic SARS-CoV-2 virus....

Previous research has expressed concerns about firms engaging less in basic research. We contribute to this debate by studying trends in the scientific publishing activities of firms located in Germany. Our results do not confirm a declining trend in raw numbers with numbers indicating that...

Dieser Bericht bewertet die Leistung des österreichischen Forschungssystems anhand von drei komplementären Politikzielen mit Schwerpunkt auf der Grundlagenforschung: Leistung in Bezug auf die Forschungsqualität, sozioökonomische Auswirkungen der Forschung und Richtung der Forschung mit Blick...

Previous research has expressed concerns about firms engaging less in basic research. We contribute to this debate by studying trends in the scientific publishing activities of firms located in Germany. Our results do not confirm a declining trend in raw numbers with numbers indicating that...

We develop a model to rationalize and examine so-called "research bubbles", i.e. research activities based on overoptimistic beliefs about the impact of this research on the economy. Research bubbles occur when researchers selfselect into research activities and the government aggregates the...

We analyze public investment in basic research in a multi-country, multi-industry environment with international trade. In our economy, basic research generates ideas which private firms take up in applied research to develop new varieties. Such development requires industry-specific know-how. A...