The objective of this assessment is to identify gender and social inclusion gaps with respect to equitable access to clean and modern energy in the Horn of Africa (HoA) borderlands, specifically in Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Somalia, and Sudan. It examines the differences in the...

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the potential contribution of cross-border vocational education and training (VET) exchange partnerships within the context of tandem exchanges between VET institutions in the Rhine-Waal Euregio region in the Netherlands and Germany. These tandem...

The Treaty on the Functioning of the EU promotes not only a common market but also economic, social and territorial cohesion and access to public services, including cross-border regions. Despite the objective of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU to promote, inter alia, cohesion in...

This report analyses the labour market in the Öresund Region, sometimes called Greater Copenhagen, which covers the metropolitan areas of Copenhagen in Denmark and Malmö in Sweden. It presents a current and forward-looking analysis of the evolution of the labour market from both a statistical...

This report falls within the scope of a DG REGIO project "Cross-border regional labour market analysis" which investigates, on a pan-European level, the state of play and specificities of cross-border (CB) labour market analyses practices. The ultimate objective of the project is to provide a...

This report is an analysis of the labour market in the trilateral border region between Slovenia, Italy and Croatia. It presents a current and forward-looking analysis of the evolution of the labour market from both a statistical and policy perspective. Importantly, the focus of the case study...

This report is an analysis of the labour market in the central and eastern regions of the Hungarian-Slovak border area, encompassing approximately the border regions lying to the east of the Banská Bystrica-Balassagyarmat-Budapest axis. It presents a current and forward-looking analysis of the...

This case study is an analysis of the cross-border labour market in the EE Lääne-Eesti-LV Pieriga/Vidzeme Region. It studies the dynamics of the cross-border labour market from both a statistical and policy perspective and focuses on the cross-border region as a whole. To compensate for the...

This report is an analysis of the labour market in the Eastern Brandenburg - Lubuskie Region, consisting of the regional entities Märkisch Oderland (DE), Oder-Spree (DE), Frankfurt/Oder (DE), Gorzowski (PL) and Zielonogorski (PL). It presents a current and forward-looking analysis of the...

This report is an analysis of the labour market in the Austrian-Hungarian border Region. It presents a current and forward-looking analysis of the evolution of the labour market from both a statistical and policy perspective. Importantly, the focus of the case study is on the cross-border region...

This report is an analysis of the labour market in the Euroregion Region Norte - Galicia. It presents a current and forward-looking analysis of the evolution of the labour market from both a statistical and policy perspective. Importantly, the focus of the case study is on the cross-border...

This report is an analysis of the labour market in the cross-border territory at the Flemish-Dutch border, in particular the geographical territory of the EURES network Scheldemond, that was established in 2003 and officially came to an end in 2023. The territory comprises the Belgian Provinces...

This report is an analysis of the labour market in the Schleswig-Sønderjylland Region. The cross-border region covers the municipalities of Aabenraa, Sønderborg, Haderslev and Tønder in Southern Denmark and the districts of Schleswig-Flensburg and Nordfriesland as well as the city of...

The lands surrounding the historical homeland borders in Africa are notoriously linked to conflict and underdevelopment. With half of Africa currently living within 30 km of a homeland border, the borderlands are natural focal points for development aid. We assess the long-run effectiveness of...

This report provides a foundational guide to regional energy integration, with a particular focus on developing and emerging economies. Many regions are about to integrate power grids and markets across national boundaries, which can offer economic benefits, enhanced power supply quality and...

Many countries worldwide share borders that offer several benefits, such as easier access, faster knowledge transfer, and more efficient trade diplomacy. However, reliance on land-border trade alone has not been consistently shown to increase GDP per capita or vice versa. This study investigates...

I conduct a comprehensive analysis of China's international and domestic border effects. My results confirm the negative impact of administrative borders on exports. In my analysis, I account for multilateral resistance terms, which were omitted in previous relevant studies. My findings show...

This handbook is a key output of the Cross-Border Labour Market project (CBLM) conducted by ÖIR, HÉFTA, Nordregio and commissioned by the European Commission, Directorate General Regional and Urban Policy. The overall project aimed at understanding and addressing complexities of labour markets...

The Commission is proposing EUR 81 billion in the area of Home Affairs to make Europe safer and more secure, to equip the EU with stronger external borders and to implement a fair and firm migration management system. This triples funding compared to the previous budget period.

In recent years, Morocco has shifted from being primarily a country of transit and emigration to becoming a country of settlement. This evolution is largely driven by increased border restrictions and pushbacks, which have made migration routes to the EU less accessible. As a result, the city of...

Der Beitrag diskutiert die Krisenfestigkeit grenzüberschreitend-euroregionaler Politik- und Verwaltungskooperation in der deutsch-polnischen Grenzregion in Zeiten der Polykrise. Der räumliche Fokus liegt auf Brandenburg-Lubuskie, konkret auf den Euroregionen Pro Europa Viadrina und...

This paper explores the role of export-oriented firms in shaping regional economic development, with a focus on their operational footprint, strategic orientation, and interaction with institutional and infrastructural environments. Set within the broader context of regional competitiveness and...

The aim of the Border Futures Subsection was to shed light on the development of cross-border cooperation in the territory of the Hesse/Rhineland-Palatinate/ Saarland Regional Working Group and to indicate future development paths. This paper introduces the focal points of the research and the...

What current discourses are relevant for border areas? What opportunities for and obstacles to integrated territorial development arise from the specific situation of border regions? How can these be utilised or overcome in a goal-oriented way? These questions were central to the discussions of...

The following scenarios are based mainly on Serious Incidents Reports received by the Frontex' Fundamental Rights Office, concerning violations that allegedly took place at border areas where the Agency is operating. All cases refer to situations where third country nationals are under the...

This document outlines the second Technical and Operational Strategy for European Integrated Border Management, marking a significant step forward since the initial Strategy introduced by the Agency's Management Board in March 2019. With the enhanced mandate of the European Border and Coast...

This document outlines the second Technical and Operational Strategy for European Integrated Border Management, marking a significant step forward since the initial Strategy introduced by the Agency's Management Board in March 2019. With the enhanced mandate of the European Border and Coast...

This publication presents the key highlights deriving from the in-depth gap analysis performed on each individual border falling under the scope of the study on Strengthening the resilience of EU border regions: Mapping risks & crisis management tools and identifying gaps, as well as...

In European border regions, citizens experience obstacles when collaborating with their neighbours. The b-solutions initiative intends to ease cross-border interactions by offering sustainable solutions to legal and administrative obstacles throughout Europe. This new volume is a compendium of...

In European border regions, citizens experience obstacles when collaborating with their neighbours. The b-solutions initiative intends to ease cross-border interactions by offering sustainable solutions to legal and administrative obstacles throughout Europe. This new volume is a compendium of...

Living in a cross-border region is still a source of challenges today. Nine stories are presented in this publication to showcase the realities of people experiencing border obstacles and ways to facilitate cross-border solutions throughout Europe.

Living in a cross-border region is still a source of challenges today. Nine stories are presented in this publication to showcase the realities of people experiencing border obstacles and ways to facilitate cross-border solutions throughout Europe.

The following scenarios are based mainly on Serious Incidents Reports received by the Frontex' Fundamental Rights Office, concerning violations that allegedly took place at border areas where the Agency is operating. All cases refer to situations where third country nationals are under the...

We analyze the impacts of three major unexpected border regime changes that occurred during the course of 20th century on population growth along the Austrian-Czech border. Using historical municipal-level census data reaching back to 1880, we find no effects of the dissolution of the...

Copernicus is the European Union's Earth observation programme, which offers information services that draw from satellite Earth Observation and in situ data. It is managed by the European Commission and implemented by Entrusted Entities. Frontex is the Copernicus Entrusted Entity responsible...