This paper provides remarks on modern monetary theory (MMT) from a Kaleckian perspective in response to a paper by Drumetz/Pfister. The distinction between initial financing and final financing is drawn up to argue for clear separation of how expenditure is financed and funded, and pointing to...

Ghana has a lengthy history of accumulating public debt, primarily driven by the expansion of fiscal deficits. This has resulted in a persistent increase in the public debt ratio, as the country borrowed both externally and internally to stimulate economic growth and augment its capital stock....

overnment debt, as a prime macroeconomic determinant, has a significant impact on the design of fiscal and monetary policy in a country. That is to say, that, with the emergence of the Corona crisis and the energy crisis which caused: 1) interruption of global supply chains, 2) increase in food...

By an endogenous growth model with two-period overlapping generations structure and money holding of consumers, we examine the existence of budget deficit in an economy which endogenously grows by investments of firms. The main results are as follows. (1) Budget deficit is necessary for full...

We develop a simple two-period principal-agent model in which a present-biased government, the agent, chooses public investment levels given a deficit rule imposed by the principal. The principal sets a deficit cap to curb current debt-financed consumption. In doing so, it also reduces long-term...

Through fiscal reaction functions, we investigate fiscal sustainability for five European country-group panels and check for a change in fiscal behaviour after countries adopted the euro as their currency. Using annual data for the period between 1990 and 2021, we identify evidence of average...

This paper provides a novel way for instructors to teach about the perils of a large National Debt, which is currently $36 trillion. We provide a detailed lesson plan that utilizes balloons to illustrate the possible paths a society can take to address this issue. The lesson plan consists of an...

We implement a two-step analysis of fiscal and external causality patterns using a data set covering the 27 EU countries in the period 2002Q1-2023Q4. In the 1st step, we compute fiscal and external sustainability time-varying coefficients, modelling the cointegration relationship between...

This paper analyses the impact of various macroeconomic shocks - including aggregate demand, supply, monetary policy, real exchange rate, and budget deficit deviation shocks - on Romania's economy using a VAR model with Bayesian inference. The study captures the period following the adoption of...

This paper seeks to determine the interaction mechanism between the domestic imbalance and the external imbalance in Kenya and why it matters for banks. Whenever an economy has is on a path of soaring fiscal and current account deficits like Kenya has been over the past decade, concerns on the...

The paper examines the effect of macroeconomic imbalances on bank lending with emphasis on the exchange rate movement, inflation differential and fiscal deficit. In the study, bank lending is modelled by gross loans and advances, assets quality and risk appetite. The panel GMM model results show...

We explored the fiscal impacts of climate-related phenomena in the Philippines and offer policy recommendations for creating a climate-resilient economy. By employing a threepronged empirical approach (i.e., time series, panel data, cross-section analyses), we probed on the nuanced interplay of...

This study aims to examine the budget defcit-infation relationship, considering fnancial sector development and broad money supply as moderating and mediating variables. For this purpose, a panel data set ranging from polled mean group, mean group, and dynamic fxed efect estimation techniques...

Several commentaries are written about de-dollarization. We analyze the factors which are contributing to de-dollarization and provide an alternative assessment. On the economic front, the US economy's reduced fiscal and financial capacity can strain economic trust in the dollar. The...

Since the Global Financial Crisis in 2008-2009, there has been flourishing literature on the role of fiscal policy in stimulating demand when the economy is in a deep recession. Past studies suggest the stimulus may make sense if it is temporary, targeted, and withdrawn quickly. However, since...

We assess the drivers of fiscal sustainability in 20 OECD economies between 1950 and 2019. We find stable long-term relationships between government revenues and expenditures as well as between the primary budget balance and past public debt ratio for the full panel. Performing an expanding...

This paper reviews the current discussions, methods, and practices surrounding the estimation of reasonable proxies for the underlying fiscal position, a useful anchor for fiscal policy. An empirical application to developing Asian economies is carried out. There is no one-size fits all type of...

This paper looks at the relationship between government budget deficits and the growth rate of GDP. While orthodox economic theory offers several reasons to believe that growing deficits might be associated with slower growth, and would ultimately be unsustainable, Keynesians assert that...