In semi-arid Northern Ghana, smallholder farmers face food insecurity and financial risk due to climate change. In response, the Village Savings and Loan Association (VSLA) model, a community-led microfinance model, has emerged as a promising finance and climate resilience strategy. VSLAs offer...

In an era of growing financial complexity, understanding the financial literacy levels of rural agribusiness women is paramount for promoting economic empowerment and inclusion. This study examines the financial literacy levels among rural agribusiness women in Luweero District, Uganda, and the...

Savings and loan companies have attempted to satisfy the needs of their customers by raising assets and giving them credit. The study examines the financial challenges of savings and loan companies in Ghana from 2016 to 2021. The data came from the Savings and Loans Companies database and the...

Using several different datasets obtained from the German Central Bank (Deutsche Bundesbank) and the German Federal Statistical Office, we provide empirical evidence that savings and loan contracts (SLCs) are a macrosocial phenomenon that smooths housing demand by setting countercyclical...

Lawyers are engineers and architects of contractual frameworks — arguably equally important as those actually building the physical infrastructure and those financing it. Contracts are part of adequate legal governance that is considered one of the preconditions to be in place for effectively...

Flightiness, or depositor sensitivity to liquidity needs, can be an important determinant of financial distress. I leverage institutional differences that attract depositors with varying flightiness across building and loan associations in California during the Great Depression. A new type of...

In response to the Global Financial Crisis (2007–2009), financial institutions exposed to the subprime mortgage market faced a loss of confidence by investors and generalized stress in funding markets, restricting financial institutions access to lending. Stigma at the Federal Reserve (the...

In the years preceding the Great Depression (1929–1933), home prices and outstanding mortgage debt grew substantially. Low interest rates and lax lending standards fueled widespread real estate speculation. House prices and housing construction peaked between 1925 and 1927 and then fell...

The Federal Home Loan Banks are the less well-known siblings of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Since these government-sponsored enterprises were created in 1932, changes in housing finance markets have rendered largely irrelevant their original purpose of increasing the availability of mortgages....

In this paper we document and examine unusual fluctuations in the G-Fund, which is one of five funds available in a voluntary federal government employee retirement savings vehicle called the Thrift Savings Plan. The G-Fund is managed as “internally” held debt by the United States Department...

The current study assessed the credit risk management practices of saving and loans companies in the Sunyani Municipality of the Bono region of Ghana. With a positivist paradigm, the study adopted a descriptive research design. Using purposive sampling method, a sample size of fifty seven (57)...

In this paper we document and examine unusual fluctuations in the G-Fund, which is one of five funds available in a voluntary federal government employee retirement savings vehicle called the Thrift Savings Plan. The G-Fund is managed as "internally" held debt by the United States Department of...

Mobile money is increasingly promoted as a strategy to improve financial outcomes and livelihoods in low-income countries. However, its adoption and use among the poor remains low. We exploited a randomized experiment that exposed members of Village Savings and Loan Associations in Malawi to a...

This paper evaluates the impact of the introduction of savings groups on poverty, vulnerability, and financial inclusion outcomes in rural Peru. Using a cluster randomized control trial and relying on both survey and administrative records, we investigate the impact of savings groups after more...

The paper analyzes how bank specific and macroeconomic variables affect the profitability of savings and loans (S&L) companies in Ghana. The bank specific (internal) determinants data was collected from the financial statements of the S&L companies from 2011 to 2016 whereas the macroeconomic...

This study is about finding out the causes and management of loan delinquency in the savings and Loans (S&L) companies in Ghana. Seven (7) S&L companies with 254 respondents were sampled for the study. It was found from the study that, among the three main types of risks faced by banking...

In "Cottage Savings Association v. Commissioner" the Sixth Circuit delves into a little known aspect of the savings and loan crisis -- the attempt by the Federal Home Loan Bank Board to use the Internal Revenue Code ("Code") to help bolster its failing constituent thrifts. In the course of its...

At the macro level, savings mobilization plays an important role in economic growth and development whilst at the micro household level it plays a critical role in production, consumption and investment decisions. However, savings mobilization in many developing countries remains low which calls...

Building and Loan Associations (B&Ls) financed over half of new houses constructed in the U.S. during the 1920s but they lost their predominance within the following decades as they were pushed to convert into Savings and Loans (S&Ls). This study examines whether the U.S. government-insured...

The paper strive to empirically examine and deduce the exact contribution of Savings & Loans companies as the micro financing sector in Ghana's economy, from the micro to macro aggregate, and further analyze the extent of it economic impacts as against the challenges faced by the sector in the...

This dissertation was designed to investigate third-party frauds on UK retail banking customers, including card fraud, cheque fraud, online banking fraud, telephone banking fraud and banking phishing fraud and the fraud risk management frameworks for UK banks and building societies. The most...

Using several different datasets obtained from the German Central Bank (Deutsche Bundesbank) and the German Federal Statistical Office, we provide empirical evidence that savings and loan contracts (SLCs) are a macrosocial phenomenon that smoothes housing demand by setting countercyclical...

This paper examines the role of the Federal Home Loan Bank (FHLB) System in the U.S. housing finance system. This cooperatively owned government-sponsored enterprise has changed markedly over the past 25 years as a result of membership liberalization and the demise of thrift institutions. Today,...