Purpose This paper aims to examine the actions of public sector accountants in the New Zealand government departments as they respond to the demands of the Central Treasury. Design/methodology/approach The analysis is developed through an understanding of the secondary literature and practical...

Purpose of the article: This study examines the comparative abilities of accrual-based and cash-based accounting information to predict future operating cash flows with particular focus on quoted Nigerian non-financial companies. Secondary data were utilized for the study and were extracted from...

Purpose of the article: This study examines the comparative abilities of accrual-based and cash-based accounting information to predict future operating cash flows with particular focus on quoted Nigerian non-financial companies. Secondary data were utilized for the study and were extracted from...

This technical note and manual (TNM) explains what accrual accounting means for the public sector and discusses current trends in moving from cash to accrual accounting. It outlines factors governments should consider in preparing for the move and sequencing of the transition. The note...

The reforms that have lately influenced the public sector determined several changes in the reporting system, causing the introduction of a new reporting practice in the public sector, namely the consolidated reports. These reports come to bring added value to the accounting and reporting...

The demand for high quality detailed public finance statistics covering a globally representative sample of countries has increased dramatically during the recent financial crisis. Due to the complexity of public finance statistics, however, such data tend to be either available in...

Accounting devices that artificially reduce the measured fiscal deficit can be analyzed as transactions involving unrecognized assets and liabilities. Different accounting systems recognize different sets of assets and liabilities and are thus vulnerable to different sets of devices. Some...

ABSTRACT. At the beginning of the third millennium, the role of accounting changed fundamentally,including in terms of the major intervention in collecting and treating information used to achieve anefficient management that will support the future evolution of entities, including institutions...

Conventional wisdom postulates that there are benefits from decentralizing government finances but there is little empirical evidence about actual country practices. This paper presents data on fiscal decentralization for about 80 countries over a period of about 20 years (1990-2008) from the...

This paper focuses on targeted detailed assessment of observance of the Basel Core Principles for effective banking supervision. The selection of the principles to be reassessed was made by the mission team based on an analysis of the risks and vulnerabilities of the Russian Federation. It was...

The 2008/9 financial crisis highlighted the importance of evaluating vulnerabilities owing to interconnectedness, or Too-Connected-to-Fail risk, among financial institutions for country monitoring, financial surveillance, investment analysis and risk management purposes. This paper illustrates...

Should revenue be recognized when generated or when ultimately collected by a company? Should expenses be recognized when incurred or when finally paid? The answers to these questions vary and are dependent or whether a entities employs the cash or accrual basis of accounting. The cash basis of...

This paper work is making a comparison between current accounting system and cash and accrual accounting system type of the Public Treasury highlighting the main disadvantages and advantages of the application of accrual accounting.

An important component of public institutions’ accounting is represented by cashaccounting. At the same time, the normalization, harmonization and convergence of accounting arethe chronological stages generated by globalization. The paper approaches aspects regarding therole of the budget...

Timor-Leste weathered the global financial crisis well and experienced healthy economic growth rates. It has made solid progress in strengthening the public financial management systems. The budget document provides comprehensive information; fiscal transparency is high. The Ministry of Finance...

Timor-Leste is a unitary state and has made significant progress with improving its fiscal transparency. The government has adopted a transparent, fiscally sustainable governance framework for the petroleum sector. Nonetheless, there are still many areas in which Timor-Leste diverges from the...

The economic and financial crisis is affecting the fiscal accounts of virtually every country. Public sector support for the financial system, fiscal stimulus and the automatic stabilizers, as well as the revenue decline from the downturn in commodity and asset prices, are leading to sharp...

The paper notes that the development of sound budgetary institutions in countries such as France, the U.K. and the U.S. has taken a very long time?200 years or more?and is still evolving. It discusses Douglass North's prediction?which is supported by available data?that institutional reform is...

ABSTRACT. Education has a vital role for the development of civilization, culture, andhumanity, for increasing the discipline and rationality level in the social life, for cultivating thespiritual values and for granting the human condition an elevated statute. The faithful reflection of...

The paper analyses the relationship of tax compliance costs and business strategy. Due to instruments, like information technology, simplified cash accounting or outsourcing compliance activities to tax advisers, private businesses have a set of strategies to optimize their tax compliance cost...

As in many other fields, the Romanian public accounting system before and after the adherence to the European Union is characterized by vast change. Under these circumstances, it is mandatory to conduct an organizational assessment through SWOT analysis in order to understand which are the...

Accounting is the instrument used by the management of a public institution to satisfy the need for information and to direct their decisions. The state’s treasury is the public institution that ensures the perpetuation of the cash based accounting. The paper approaches the following: the...

This report provides a reassessment of fiscal transparency practices in Estonia in relation to the requirements of the IMF Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency. It presents a description of practices prepared by IMF staff on the basis of discussions with the authorities and their...

The paper discusses the improvements which a semi-autonomous revenue agency (SARA) must make to its records to meet fiscal and financial accounting obligations. SARAs are legal entities, such as a service or a department, which are required to prepare accrual records that may diverge from a...

This paper reviews some broad principles of fiscal coverage, building on cross-country experience. It discusses the level of coverage that would be appropriate to conduct good quality fiscal analysis, while striking the right balance between the costs and the benefits of expanding the coverage....

Contingent liabilities have gained prominence in the analysis of public finance. Indeed, history is full of episodes in which the financial position of the public sector is substantially altered-or its true nature uncovered-as a result of government bailouts of financial or nonfinancial...

In this paper I have compared international standards on accounting for the public sector and those required by national norms on public institutions' own capitals, pointing out both convergences and divergences. Last, but not the least, I have compared IPSAS 1 (applied by public institutions)...

The Government of Namibia has a full equity share of four specialist or policy banking corporation. There are a large number of public nonfinancial corporations, in which the government has a part or full ownership share, including public utilities and Air Namibia, the national airline. There...

This report provides a reassessment of fiscal transparency practices in the Kyrgyz Republic against the requirements of the IMF Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency. It gives a description of practice on the basis of discussions with the authorities and their responses to the fiscal...

This Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes assesses Fiscal Transparency for Barbados. The report reveals that Barbados has a number of good practices on fiscal transparency including a legal requirement to publish the budget Estimates, the annual report of the accountant general, and...

This report on the Observance of Standards and Codes on Fiscal Transparency for the Republic of Tajikistan analyzes fiscal transparency practices against the requirements of the IMF Code of Good Practices on Fiscal Transparency. In the context of sectoral reforms, the authorities intend to...

This report on the Observance of Standards and Codes on Fiscal Transparency of Nepal discusses fiscal transparency practices. Broad objectives of fiscal policy have been included in the budget speech, but the sustainability of fiscal policy over the longer term is not examined. Public reporting...

This report on the Observance of Standards and Codes on Fiscal Transparency on Costa Rica analyzes open budget preparation and assurances of integrity. A number of initiatives currently under way would further advance fiscal transparency. A clearer division of responsibilities for monetary and...

With increasing frequency, the IMF has assisted middle-income countries, especially emerging economies, in adopting the types of budget reforms that have been introduced in many Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries - reforms that emphasize performance and...

This paper examines the Report on the Observance of Standards and Codes on Jordan’s fiscal transparency. Government activities are generally distinguished from those of public financial institutions, which carry out quasi-fiscal activities. Government holdings of fully owned corporations,...

This report focuses on Observance of Standards and Codes on Fiscal Transparency for Turkey. Turkey has continued to make progress toward meeting the requirements of the fiscal transparency code, in particular through a substantial overhaul of the legal system. The adoption of the Public...

The quality of the macroeconomic statistics for Malta has improved significantly in recent years, particularly as a result of the legal and institutional restructuring of the National Statistics Office (NSO). These changes were made in an effort to respond more effectively to the needs of users...

The report on the Netherlands on the Observance of Standards and Codes discusses the fiscal transparency module and the Aide-Mémoire regarding the fiscal framework. The roles and responsibilities of and within government are, in general, clearly defined and, in many areas, the Netherlands sets...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the coexistence of cash accounting and accrual accounting systems through an investigation of the roles they fulfill in Greek municipalities. Design/methodology/approach – The survey results are based on the answers of the financial...

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the coexistence of cash accounting and accrual accounting systems through an investigation of the roles they fulfill in Greek municipalities. Design/methodology/approach – The survey results are based on the answers of the financial...

This Report assesses the Observance of Standards and Codes on Fiscal Transparency for Lebanon. There appears to be insufficient public understanding of, or interest in, the critical need for sustained fiscal reforms. The government’s program of reform needs to be based on more analysis,...

Based on the experience of budget management reforms that have been introduced over the last two decades in a large number of member countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) it is not uncommon to find emerging market economies moving toward performance-based...

This report on Sri Lanka’s Observance of Standards and Codes highlights the fiscal transparency module. The 2003 Fiscal Management Act has improved the transparency of government fiscal policy. There has been little progress made in eliminating the quasi-fiscal activities of public...