In this work, in-situ application of natural occurring ilmenite (FeTiO3) for upgrading the producer gas from a pilot-scale bubbling fluidized bed gasifier was performed and its influence on the gas characteristics and gasifier performance was analyzed. Without using ilmenite, the producer gas...

In this work, in-situ application of natural occurring ilmenite (FeTiO3) for upgrading the producer gas from a pilot-scale bubbling fluidized bed gasifier was performed and its influence on the gas characteristics and gasifier performance was analyzed. Without using ilmenite, the producer gas...

Purpose The construction sector suffers significant challenges which are intertwined with processes and products of the traditional onsite construction approach. The quest for a lasting solution to these problems is heralding the change toward offsite construction. Amid the scaling drive, to...

This article concerns the financing of banking in Poland through public bond issues addressed to individual investors. It is a case study of Bank Pocztowy, which, as one of three banks in Poland, decided to raise capital through the public issue of bonds, the buyers of which were to be...

This article concerns the financing of banking in Poland through public bond issues addressed to individual investors. It is a case study of Bank Pocztowy, which, as one of three banks in Poland, decided to raise capital through the public issue of bonds, the buyers of which were to be...

Biomass gasification has the potential to produce renewable fuels, chemicals and power at large utility scale facilities. In these plants catalysts would likely be used to reform and clean the generated biomass syngas. Traditional catalysts are made from transition metals, while catalysts made...

For more than a decade, as Architects and Academics, it was observed the tendency in many fields to redefine the Mission of education towards a new pilot thinking process. Also some actions that was perceived as Signs of the future more related to democracy dimensionalities ( new demes ). In the...

The study highlighted the importance of required infrastructures such as energy as a panacea to the realization of the objectives and goals of Vision 2020 in Nigeria. With the dearth of infrastructures, the move towards stability and consolidation in the polity may not be feasible. In the light...

Government identifies scaling-up investment in infrastructure as one of the key enablers to achieve its development objectives - these include achieving high and sustained growth levels to reduce poverty, income inequality and high unemployment. The specific areas where infrastructure...

The steam reforming of the main biodiesel by-product, glycerol, has been catching up the interest of the scientific community in the last years. The use of glycerol for hydrogen production is an advantageous option not only because glycerol is renewable but also because its use would lead to the...

Biomass tar could be produced along with syngas during biomass pyrolysis/gasification. Tar elimination by efficient adsorption and catalytic conversion by carbon-based adsorbents/catalysts with chemical inertness should be attractive methods to commercialize this technology. Biochars are the...

The objective of this review is to analyze potential technologies and their baseline performance of producing hydrogen from catalytic steam reforming of biodiesel byproduct glycerol. High oxygen content and high impurity level of biodiesel byproduct glycerol, as well as the complex intermediates...

Effects of variation in biodiesel fuel properties on engine performance are not completely understood and there is a need for further research. A review of literature studies on biodiesel engine performance and emissions is presented here, summarising known effects and highlighting aspects in...

Upgrading of pyrolysis bio-oil from biomass suggests great environmental and economical advantages for the production of renewable and sustainable energy sources. However, there are considerable challenges in the development of techno-economically feasible processes and catalysts. One promising...

Using gas-to-liquids (GTL) technology will expand a new horizon as resources of crude oil diminish. Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is a part of thermo-chemical route, which is used to produce chemicals, gasoline and diesel range fuel from synthesis gas derived from different sources,...

Effects of variation in biodiesel fuel properties on engine performance are not completely understood and there is a need for further research. The effects of altering the feedstock oil and alcohol type used in biodiesel production on engine performance (power, economy) and exhaust emissions...

OR (oxidative reforming) of M (methanol) was performed using Cu/ZnO/Al2O3-based catalysts, prepared using an oxalic co-precipitation method. We optimized the active catalyst formulation for low reaction temperatures and investigated the effects of varying the steam–methanol mole ratio, the...

To explain the time dependence of cell voltage in CWS (coal water slurry) electrolysis, the effects of three coal types along with graphite, CWS concentration and catalysts on cell voltage are examined. Results show that the overall cell voltage for CWS electrolysis is lowered as coal rank...

In this work, the decomposition of hydrogen iodide (HI) over platinum catalyst in a frame work of the development of a bench-scale Sulfur–Iodine (S–I) cycle is studied. The catalyst Pt/γ-alumina 1.0wt% is prepared by impregnation–calcination method. The experiments of HI decomposition...

The pyrolysis characteristics of construction waste wood were investigated for conversion into renewable liquid fuels. The activation energy of pyrolysis derived from thermogravimetric analysis increased gradually with temperature, from 149.41 kJ/mol to 590.22 kJ/mol, as the decomposition of...

Non-thermal plasma (NTP) has been introduced over the past several years as a promising method for nitrogen oxide (NOx) removal. The intent, when using NTP, is to selectively transfer input electrical energy to the electrons, and to not expend this in heating the entire gas stream, which...

HZSM-5 with high surface area of 625 m2/g was successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method at 160 °C for 72 h. The metal promoted on HZSM-5 catalyst was prepared by liquid ion exchange method. From XRD results, the addition of metals such as Co and Ni did not change the HZSM-5 structure....

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to analyze the personal challenges of a change agent, namely, a catalyst, attempting to promote organizational change in a hybrid and complex educational organization. The study mirrors subjective experiences with classic bureaucracy research and the...

Catalytic pyrolysis of particle board, a type of waste wood that is increasingly produced all over the world, was carried out over three types of zeolite catalysts: HBETA, HZSM-5, and Ga-impregnated HZSM-5 (Ga/HZSM-5). Experiments conducted using a batch reactor showed that the bio-oil yield and...

Hydrogen production from the supercritical water reforming of glycerol was studied in a tubular reactor without adding a catalyst. Experiments were carried out at a pressure of 240bar, temperatures of 750–850°C, and glycerol feed concentrations of 5–30wt.%. Likewise, the residence time was...

Solar thermochemical processing offers production of many fuels and commodities via reduced emission footprint. Although solar reactor design and flow configuration play a key role in process efficiency, use of the right catalyst further enhances the overall efficiency. Solar cracking of methane...

The waste Capiz shell was utilized as raw material for catalyst production for biodiesel preparation. During calcination process, the calcium carbonate content in the waste capiz shell was converted to CaO. This calcium oxide was used as catalyst for transesterification reaction between palm oil...

This study evaluated hydrogen generation through the hydrolysis of an Al/NaBH4/Co/NaAlO2 system. Hydrogen generation performance can be altered by changing the Al/NaBH4 mass ratios, Co amount and NaAlO2 concentration. The optimized composite can achieve a hydrogen yield of more than 90% within...

Catalytic naphtha reforming process is a vital process for refineries due to the production of high-octane components, which is intensely demanded in our modern life. The significance of this industrial process induced researchers to investigate different aspects of catalytic naphtha reforming...

Our severe dependence on fossil resources for the production of fuels and chemicals is responsible for two major global challenges: declining the fuel supply and increasing the anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. Conversion of biomass to fuels and chemicals can be a part of the low-carbon...

One of the challenging issues faced by the modern world is the scarcity of fossil fuels, a result of the increasing use of fuel for transportation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an alternative fuel source that can replace non-renewable fossil fuels. The use of biomass-derived fuels in...

The core–shell structure of Nicore–Ptshell nanoparticles (NPs) was synthesized by a polyol method using 1,2 propanediol. The effect of using a different stabilizer, namely either polyvinylpyrrolidone or oleic acid, was investigated. The results revealed that the two stabilizers...

Transesterification is the most common method for producing biodiesel. Known as a suitable substitute to diesel fuel, the synthesis involves renewable sources as feedstock. Application of both organic and inorganic solvents in biodiesel production has been widely established. However, as the...

Hydrogen generation performance of solid-state AlLi/NaBH4 mixture activated by CoCl2 solution was evaluated in the present work. Hydrogen generation performance can be regulated by AlLi/NaBH4 weight ratio, Li content, CoCl2 concentration, and hydrolysis temperature, among others. 1 g Al-20 wt%...

Increase in energy demand and growing environmental awareness has increased interest for alternative renewable energy sources over the last few years. Hydrogen produces only water during combustion, and therefore, it is seen as an alternative fuel for locomotive application. Nonetheless,...

The enormous challenges faced in the search for suitable and profitable feedstocks to produce biodiesel cannot be over-emphasis. This paper has provided an overview of different catalysts used in processing different kinds of feedstocks for the production of biodiesel. Although the process of...

This paper deals with an experimental investigation to improve the hydrogen production by water photoelectrolysis. An experimental facility was built: it is mainly constituted by a solar simulator, the photoelectrolytic cell, the electric power supply system and a recirculating and gas sampling...

The catalytic hydroliquefaction of Xiaolongtan lignite (XL, a Chinese lignite) was investigated in a batch autoclave. The effects of reaction temperature, time and initial H2 pressure on the yields of gaseous and extractable portions (GEPs) were discussed. The catalytic activity of FeS+S was...

The effects of the length of the gas flow path from the exhaust outlet in the cylinder head to the catalyst inlet in the exhaust line, the ignition timing and the engine idle speed on the three-way catalyst light-off behavior in an electronically controlled inlet port LPG (liquefied petroleum...

Nannochloropsis sp., one kind of green microalgae cultivated autotrophically and axenically in laboratory, is used as raw material to produce biodiesel by one-step method in an amended reactor. The effects of several reaction parameters on transesterification over Mg–Zr solid base catalyst...

The electrode stability is a key issue for the development of conventional hydrogen fuelled and direct internal reforming (DIR) molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFCs). While for conventional MCFC anodes the stability problem has been addressed by the addition of Al or Cr to Ni, the problems of the...

Hybrid catalysts are engineered to contain elements of two or more catalysts. Hybrid catalysts are providing increasingly important advantages for obtaining novel and desirable catalyst activities and properties. The nature of a hybrid catalyst can be changed with additional characteristics. The...