Sustained efforts and investments in different sectors are essential for the overall development of a region. Various studies around the globe underscore the importance of investment in road transport infrastructure in many developing countries to achieve their development targets. The...

A literacy-targeted approach to economic instruction draws on insights from cognitive science. It highlights that students process complex economic information by constructing and modifying schemas that represent economic material. Following this approach, we developed a set of instructional...

Multidimensional heterogeneity and endogeneity are important features of a wide class of econometric models. With control variables to correct for endogeneity, nonparametric identification of treatment effects requires strong support conditions. To alleviate this requirement, we consider varying...

The propensity score defining the probability of completing a given degree of education - to balance covariates - and the Mincer equation is here estimated at various degrees of higher education. The novelty is in implementing propensity score and regression estimators together in a...

The literature on growth in economics encompasses two main facets of thinking: the applicability of diminishing productivity of capital, as has been in the neoclassical growth model with exogenous technological progress, and the applicability of non-diminishing productivity of capital, as has...

Economic security is considered one of the primary aspects of well-being and it is usually closely associated with poverty. This article intends to explore the main determinants of economic (in)security in European Union countries and to investigate the relationship between the level of economic...

In this study, we present a comprehensive analysis to examine the resilience of tourism in Vietnam since the Doi Moi period. Using an augmented Solow framework, data from 1986 to 2020, and the ARDL approach, we estimate the long-run and short-run effects, whilst accounting for model-specific...

Universal Credit (UC) was a large-scale reform of the UK welfare system reform, replacing six existing benefits. UC aimed to simplify claims and encourage more claimants into work. We identify its effect on mental well-being, treating the phased rollout from 2013-2018 as a natural experiment. We...

We use a rigorous three-stage many-analysts design to assess how different researcher decisions-specifically data cleaning, research design, and the interpretation of a policy question-affect the variation in estimated treatment effects. A total of 146 research teams each completed the same...

Intensive care units (ICUs) operate with fixed capacities and face uncertainty such as demand variability, leading to demand-driven, early discharges to free up beds. These discharges can increase readmission rates, negatively impacting patient outcomes and aggravating ICU bottleneck congestion....

In many manuscripts, researchers use multivariable logistic regression to adjust for potential confounding variables when estimating a direct relationship of a treatment or exposure on a binary outcome. After choosing how variables are entered into that model, researchers can calculate an...

In this paper we study a class of weighted estimands, which we define as parameters that can be expressed as weighted averages of the underlying heterogeneous treatment effects. The popular ordinary least squares (OLS), two-stage least squares (2SLS), and two-way fixed effects (TWFE) estimands...

This study investigates the relationship between financialisation and economic growth in Croatia, focusing on the period from 1995 to 2021. Using time series econometric models, including the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test for stationarity, Johansen's cointegration test for long-term...

Russia’s invasion of Ukraine in 2022 was accompanied by a significant reduction of its gas supply to Europe, causing sharp energy price surges and prompting governments to respond with public appeals and programs aimed at reducing consumption. This paper investigates the effects of price...

The changing geopolitical situation in the European region has actualized the issues of further EU enlargement. As a result, the relevance of studying many aspects of the functioning economic systems of candidate countries has increased. In this context, the purpose of this article is to...

When estimating the effects of treatments defined by complex formulas, researchers often use simple functions of exogenous shocks as instruments. A leading example is "simulated instruments" for public policy eligibility, which capture variation in state-level policy generosity. We show how more...

We investigate how length of time on welfare during childhood affects economic outcomes in early adulthood. Using intergenerationally linked mother-child pairs from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we adopt a nonlinear difference-in-differences framework using the 1990s welfare reform to...

Many nations have experienced both rising education levels and declining marriage rates. However, cross-sectional comparisons within countries often indicate that more highly educated individuals are more likely to be married. Economic theory suggests ambiguous causal effects of education on...

We use a rigorous three-stage many-analysts design to assess how different researcher decisions—specifically data cleaning, research design, and the interpretation of a policy question—affect the variation in estimated treatment effects. A total of 146 research teams each completed the same...

The dynamic impact of financial market capitalisation on South Africa's unemployment and economic growth is empirically explored in this study using the finance-augmented Solow model framework. South Africa's high rate of structural unemployment and its robust financial market, which is at the...

We study the interaction of education in adolescence and labor force participation around retirement age and its effect on cognitive abilities for individuals in Europe. Besides a direct long-run effect of education, indirect ones may arise, specifically through labor force participation. We...

We investigate a bracketing property that purports to yield upper- and lower bounds on the treatment effects obtained from a fixed effects- and lagged dependent variable model. Referencing both analytical results and a Monte Carlo simulation, we explore the conditions under which the bracketing...

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is a cornerstone policy of the European Union, increasingly focused on promoting environmentally sustainable practices. In 2014, the CAP introduced Greening payments and a crop diversification requirement to enhance soil resilience and mitigate ecosystem...

We implement a two-step analysis of fiscal and external causality patterns using a data set covering the 27 EU countries in the period 2002Q1-2023Q4. In the 1st step, we compute fiscal and external sustainability time-varying coefficients, modelling the cointegration relationship between...

In this paper we study a class of weighted estimands, which we define as parameters that can be expressed as weighted averages of the underlying heterogeneous treatment effects. The popular ordinary least squares (OLS), two-stage least squares (2SLS), and two-way fixed effects (TWFE) estimands...

This paper introduces Parameter Estimation by Raw Moments (PERM), a flexible method for evaluating a policy's impact on the parameters of an outcome distribution. Such parameters include the variance (E[Y 2 ]−E[Y] 2 ), skewness and covariance of two outcomes. PERM simplifies distributional...

This study rigorously examines the causality between banking development, economic growth, and income inequality using annual panel data for 13 Central Eastern European transition economies from 2000 to 2020. The Granger non-causality test of heterogeneous panels based on the Toda and Yamamoto...

This study investigates the impact of economic policy uncertainty (EPU) on macro price divergence in China. We use the time-varying parameter vector auto regressive model with latent thresholds (LT-TVP-VAR) to examine the nonlinear causality relationship. Our findings suggest when the EPU rises,...