Purpose - This study aims to demonstrate a rigorous approach to applying the Repertory Grid Technique (RGT) and Honey's Content Analysis (HCA) to obtain and process qualitative data through structured interviews. Design/methodology/approach - An illustrative case study using the OpenRepGrid...

The Smart Grid Interoperability Laboratory (SGIL) is situated in two sites of the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, namely Ispra (Italy) and Petten (The Netherlands). The lab belongsto the Energy Security, Distribution and Markets Unit and the activities vary from energy...

The concept of smart grid (SG) was made real to give the power grid the functions and features it needs to make a smooth transition towards renewable energy integration and sustainability. This was done by automating and digitizing the grid to give it the right amount of flexibility and...

Several geospatial factors influence the suitability of national power grid expansion, especially in remote areas. Since previous studies have neither explicitly examined the level of influence of these factors nor provided a clear spatial representation of their impact, this paper examines how...

Can mini grids help to solve the problem of poorly served main grid connected communities A mini grid is an electricity generation and distribution network that supplies electricity to a localized group of customers. Mini grids can be isolated from or connected to the main grid. To date, most...

Adopting electric vehicles (EVs) and implementing variable electricity tariffs increase peak demand and the risk of congestion in distribution grids. To avert critical grid situations and sidestep expensive grid expansions, Distribution System Operators (DSOs) must have intervention rights,...

The number of prosumers -consumers equipped with decentralized production- is expected to increase following the revised Renewable Energy Directive (2018/2001) and the rising energy prices. The economic literature suggests there is room for demand-side storage that can take two forms:...

This research paper presents a novel approach for fault-tolerant Wireless Sensor Networks (FT-WSNs) designed for IoT applications. The approach addresses obstacle detection challenges in WSNs to ensure uninterrupted network operation and optimize energy consumption. A hexagonal topology...

With rapid advances in digitization, many critical processes in transportation, industries, and our daily life rely on measurements of sensors. With time, however, the measurements of sensors may get gradually biased and their precision deteriorates, leading to an enhanced risk of major...

Given the great influence of artificial intelligence (AI) in people's daily lives due to the key role it plays in digital transformation through its automated decision-making capabilities, ENISA aims to raise awareness of cybersecurity and privacy threats related to various scenarios using...

Recently, the Indian Prime Minister Appeals to switch off the Light by people during the corona outbreak for 9 min. It also provides a significant challenge to the Indian power grid. A small malfunction of the power system may lead to a huge disaster that may worsen the daily activity of the 100...

This paper uses a whole-system approach to examine different strategies related to the future role of the gas grid in a low-carbon heat system. A novel model of integrated gas, electricity and heat systems, HEGIT, is used to investigate four key sets of scenarios for the future of the gas grid...

A smart grid is the superposition of one physical electricity network on an information system. "Digitalization" (the growing application of information and communication technologies across the economy) enables electricity to break away from exclusive and centralized generation, opening it up...

Due to the ongoing expansion of renewable energies and the increasing energy demand of household consumers, e.g., due to the electrification of the mobility and heating sectors, grid bottlenecks and voltage band violations in low-voltage grids in Germany are expected to occur more frequently in...

The smart grid (SG) research has continued unabated; however, some challenges, such as stability and security, cause us to focus on sustainable SG, which benefits society. Sustainable SG is complicated and covers many topics that should be summarized systematically. This paper uses CiteSpace to...

In this paper we develop a valuation framework for a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) payment system. Active network participants (proposers and validators) are required to stake tokens, and receive payments in return for their services. This property of the PoS system connects cash flows to token holdings,...

The Commission Regulation (EU) 2016/631 of the 14th of April 2016 establishing a network code on requirements for grid connection of generators introduces a framework for building a structural harmonization of technical stipulations across Europe. Network operators must implement this regulation...

We propose a neural network-based approach to calibrating stochastic volatility models, which combines the pioneering grid approach by Horvath et al. (2021) with the pointwise two-stage calibration of Bayer and Stemper (2018). Our methodology inherits robustness from the former while not...

This paper develops a bi-level optimization model for voluntary demand-side flexibility. The Distribution System Operator, in the Upper Level, maximizes welfare by investing in the network and setting the flexibility compensation. Consumers, in the Lower Level, can be prosumers and commercial...

We describe a Blockchain-based, peer-to-peer network of distributed computers solving arbitrary, strictly- defined problems for a financial incentive in the form of a cryptographic currency. The computational problems are signed and posted to the blockchain in a contract describing the minimal...

This articles presents a new series of maps showing the climate and environmental variability of Botswana. Situated in southern Africa, Botswana has an arid to semi-arid climate, which significantly varies in its different regions: Kalahari Desert, Makgadikgadi Pan and Okavango Delta. While...

This task provides network clustering strategies and cluster header preference in wireless sensor networks to increase the efficiency of the link pool over its lifetime. The routing rule set is used to cluster wireless sensors in the community, using the leaching protocol as a benchmark. This...

The number of electric cars, vans, trucks and buses on the world's roads is rapidly increasing, with a larger variety of electric vehicle (EV) models commercially available. Nevertheless, typical users still have concerns when comparing them to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, such as...

The number of electric cars, vans, trucks and buses on the world's roads is rapidly increasing, with a larger variety of electric vehicle (EV) models commercially available. Nevertheless, typical users still have concerns when comparing them to internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, such as...

As climate change sharpens the focus on our electricity systems, there is widespread agreement that the institutions that govern our electric grid must change to realize a clean energy future in the timescale necessary. Scholars are actively debating how grid governance needs to change, but in...

This paper addresses the issue of optimal day-ahead scheduling of a plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) aggregator that participates in the electricity market and offers an out-of-market balancing service to the local renewable power penetrated distribution system in a snow-prone area. The proposed...

The ground handling operations are used in airports for handling activities and processing passengers with the help of specially designed vehicles known as ground support equipment. The ground support equipment (GSE) is being parked after serving a flight until the next flight. The GSE idle...

A multi-objective control for grid interfaced PV- BES based pico hydro system having multi mode operation is dealt in this work. The pico hydro system comprises of a PMSG driven by a DC motor, which emulates the function of an uncontrolled hydro turbine. This system utilizes only one VSC which...

In order to solve the problem of grid voltage fluctuations in multi-energy systems. This paper proposes a coordinated optimization control method based on battery electric storage, heat storage, and gas storage. Firstly, analyzing the different operating modes of electricity, heat, and gas in...

This paper applies bio-inspired optimization techniques to the interconnection planning of offshore wind farms. More specifically, the Bat Algorithm and the Grey Wolf Optimizer are applied to solve the problem. Reliability and economic criteria related to wind farms are considered. The study is...

This paper explores the price setting of demand-side flexibility, modelled as consumers’ voluntary load reduction, in distribution grids. It develops a long-term equilibrium optimization model with a bi-level setting for voluntary demand-side flexibility. In the Upper Level (UL), the...

Recently, multi-agent systems (MASs) have got attention due to consideration of distributed optimization and control in blockchain (BC) based energy trading applications. However, due to the dynamic behavior of uncertain and random variables, the coordination and control of MAS is still di cult...

Solving dynamic economic models that capture salient real-world heterogeneity and non-linearity requires the approximation of high-dimensional functions. As their dimensionality increases, compute time and storage requirements grow exponentially. Sparse grids alleviate this curse of...

This conceptual article seeks to integrate blockchain into current theory on the governance of inter-organizational exchanges within business networks. It is posited that a blockchain governance structure comprised of administrative, platform, and application level mechanisms represents a...