Die Infrastruktur der deutschen Autobahnen ist von zentraler Bedeutung für den Wirtschafts-verkehr, den Tourismus und die Mobilität der Bürgerinnen und Bürger. Ein zentraler Bestandteil dieser Infrastruktur sind Haltepunkte entlang der Fernstraßen. Autobahnraststätten und Autohöfe dienen...

In the 1990s, the World Bank and other development financiers supported a power sector reform framework emphasizing restructuring or unbundling of utilities, creation of regulators, private sector participation (both in terms of financing and managing the operations of power networks and...

In 2023, after a full 20 years, the Republic of Croatia adopted a new legal framework for maritime domain with the enactment of the new Maritime Domain and Seaports Act. The new act addresses numerous technical issues related to Croatia's maritime domain and aligns concessions on maritime domain...

We analyze the impact of occupational deregulation on the wages of licensed workers. To do so, we exploit a deregulation policy in the German craft sector that removed the master certificate as a requirement for starting a business in about half of the craft occupations. Specifically, we examine...

Exploiting variation created by Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA), we document the effects of immigrant legalization on mobility investments and economic outcomes. DACA increased both geographic and job mobility of young immigrants, leading them to high paying labor markets and...

In the U.S., occupational licensing is much more prevalent in the public sector than in the private sector, but the influence of occupational regulation for public sector workers has not been analyzed in detail. Our study initially examines the probability of a licensed worker selecting into the...

Contractual renegotiation is an emerging and significant theme in the context of Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) due to its high incidence and potential impact on the sustainability of partnership models. This study presents a systematic review using a qualitative meta-synthesis method to...

I investigate the effect of occupational licensing requirements on the size of the U.S. legal profession. In particular, I develop a method to estimate the relative quantitative importance of individual licensing requirements. I report three primary findings. First, I find that the bar exam has...

Spectrum auctions in the United Kingdom have been mostly successful in achieving their objectives, suggesting that potential lessons can be learned for auctions elsewhere, given the mixed picture worldwide of positive and negative experiences. Good auction design benefits from learning both...

This paper estimates the impact of occupational licensing at the extensive margin (existence) and intensive margin (qualifications) on the occupational mobility of US workers. Using 2015-2022 Current Population Survey data on worker occupational choices matched to licensing-policy data, I show...

In the early twentieth century, predominantly white union barbers in Arkansas implemented voluntary regulations that dictated business practices to create a voluntary cartel. Black and other minority barbers who often had more success than white barbers prior to unionization tended to ignore...

This paper examines the relative advantages of allocating spectrum by auction or without licensing. The debate over how to allocate the spectrum will at times rest fundamentally on the challenges of choosing between alternative technologies. This paper notes that economic benefits of a highly...

This paper confirms a positive relationship between the aggressiveness of bids and the probability of renegotiating concession contracts. We use a database of 113 concessions awarded in Peru, finding that a 1% increase in bidding aggressiveness increases the probability of contract renegotiation...

Royalty payment has been under heated debate in both the traditional art market and the newly emerged non-fungible tokens (NFTs) markets. In this paper, we investigate the role of royalty payments in the trading market with creators and buyers and explore how NFT platforms should design royalty...

The analysis of occupational licensing has concentrated largely on its labor market and consumer welfare effects. By contrast, relatively little is known about how occupational licensing laws originated or the key factors in their evolution. In this paper, we study the determinants of U.S....

This paper discusses the licensing of 5G SEPs by automotive manufacturers, which is an issue that is likely to draw considerable attention in the months and years to come. 4G automotive licensing has been a controversial process, which triggered massive litigation before German patent courts by...

In 2014, California lifted legal work status requirement for dozens of occupational license - a major obstacle for undocumented immigrants in the US to access professional jobs. This paper assesses its effects on the employment outcomes of undocumented immigrants in California. We find that the...

Licensing platforms are a clear example of a collective action problem, where groups have aligned long-term interests but misaligned short-term goals. Customised incentives can be a key way to facilitate socially desirable collective action, especially where a market or platform includes a range...

Markets for experimental licenses could provide flexibility and shorter-term spectrum licenses that currently are unavailable in the current statutory framework. I propose that private firms be permitted to register with a newly established “Special Temporary Authority Facility” to conduct...

The CryptoPunks NFT collection, produced by Larva Labs, is the highest-grossing NFT collection to date. Sales have surpassed $1.6 billion. That figure is all the more astounding given that Larva Labs gave away all 10,000 CryptoPunks NFTs for free in 2017. Christie’s has described the...

The complex nature of Indonesia's export and import policies has led to a lot of challenges in the past. The Neraca Komoditas (NK) scheme might be the solution to address the complicated flow of export-import demand. However, the centralized data distribution and the plan to further expand the...

We examine the labor market impact of states easing occupational license requirements by expanding the scope of practice (SOP) for nurse practitioners (NPs), allowing them to practice without physician oversight. Using data on job postings, we find that employers increase their demand for NPs...

We study the question whether a holder of standard essential patents (SEPs) should be allowed to choose the level in the value chain at which to offer a FRAND license to its SEPs. We give a pos-itive answer to this question for two reasons. First, the SEP holder and the social planner tend to...

We examined the recent occupational regulation changes in China and their labor market impacts. Using data from the China Labor-Force Dynamic Survey (CLDS) from 2014 to 2018, we found an earning premium of approximately 10 percent, as well as more employment-based benefits, for those with an...

All colonial powers granted concessions to private companies to extract natural resources during the colonial era. Within Africa, these concessions were characterized by indirect rule and violence. We use the arbitrarily defined borders of rubber concessions granted in the north of the Congo...

We show that occupational licensing has significant negative effects on labor market fluidity defined as cross-occupation mobility. Using a balanced panel of workers constructed from the CPS and SIPP data, we analyze the link between occupational licensing and labor market outcomes. We find that...