This study aims to enhance the Job Demand-Resources (JD-R) model by incorporating the aggregation approach and addressing the research gap concerning interpersonal conflicts within this framework. Building on the theoretical background and placing interpersonal conflicts in the JD-R framework,...

In 2023, after a full 20 years, the Republic of Croatia adopted a new legal framework for maritime domain with the enactment of the new Maritime Domain and Seaports Act. The new act addresses numerous technical issues related to Croatia's maritime domain and aligns concessions on maritime domain...

The Subnational public finance report is the first in a series of World Bank reports that analyze local and regional government fiscal and financial developments in Croatia. The objective of this work is to offer policy advice on improving public service delivery in a fiscally efficient and...

Over the past decade, Croatia has demonstrated significant progress in economic development and improvement in living standards for its citizens. Economic performance during this period, including the country's strong recovery following its pandemic-induced recession, was underpinned by sound...

This unique insight into the corporate investment in Croatia examines companies' finance needs and the constraints they face. The 2024 edition also provides insight into the pressing issues facing firms, such as climate change, high energy costs and the green transition. The survey, which has...

The VAT Gap represents the difference between expected VAT revenues and those actually collected, reflecting compliance challenges, policy inefficiencies, and enforcement gaps. As part of the European Commission's ongoing efforts to improve VAT compliance and revenue collection, these 27 country...

This report is an analysis of the labour market in the trilateral border region between Slovenia, Italy and Croatia. It presents a current and forward-looking analysis of the evolution of the labour market from both a statistical and policy perspective. Importantly, the focus of the case study...

Government effectiveness in Croatia has recorded an increase in score from 0.46 in 2019 to 0.58 in 2022, highlighting a clear positive trend. Nevertheless, government effectiveness remains below the average for the European Union Member States (EU-27) in 2019 (before the impact of COVID-19),...

This report documents the work done in the most recent annual update for Croatia. This work was carried out by the EUROMOD core development team, based at the JRC in Seville, in collaboration with the national team.

Background: Recent global disruptions have exposed the vulnerability of international supply chains, prompting a shift toward regionalization to enhance economic resilience. As a European Union (EU) member, Croatia has an opportunity to strengthen its integration into EU regional value chains...

The present report proposes five price transmission analyses in three MS (Italy, Spain and Croatia). Among the five analyses conducted, all analyses cover preserved anchovy of national origin retailed in national supermarkets. As follows: - 80 g of salted anchovies in olive oil retailed in Italy...

The aim is to identify gaps in the monitoring network for Croatia according to the revised Ambient Air Quality Directive (Directive (EU) 2024/2881). The analysis is conducted considering the data officially reported by Croatia for the last five years (2019-2023) to EEA's Repornet2. Data has been...

Croatia is a unitary and indivisible democratic and welfare state (Article 1 of the Constitution). The Croatian legal system is a civil law system and the government is organised according to the principle of the separation of powers into legislative, executive and judicial branches, but is also...

The banking sector in the Western Balkan countries has changed dramatically in recent years. A variety of factors have contributed to these changes, such as economic growth, increased competition, and the implementation of new regulations. As a result, the profitability of the banking sector...

How do beliefs on admission probability influence application choices? In this study, we empirically investigate whether and how admission probability is reflected in application choices in a centralized admission system. We exploit a novel setting of a dynamic deferred acceptance mechanism as...

Croatia faces two key labor market challenges: a shortage of labor and the inadequate skills of its existing workforce. These challenges are being shaped by global megatrends, namely, demographic, green, and digital transitions. To address these key challenges, actions are needed on several...

Croatia is at a critical demographic crossroads. Against a backdrop of an aging and declining population, Croatia is transitioning from a country of emigration to one increasingly relying on foreign workers, with profound implications for the nation's economic and social fabric. While recent...

This study investigates the relationship between financialisation and economic growth in Croatia, focusing on the period from 1995 to 2021. Using time series econometric models, including the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test for stationarity, Johansen's cointegration test for long-term...

This paper examines the key aspects of corporate governance of stateowned enterprises (SOEs) through a comparative survey conducted in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, and Serbia. The research explores two distinct perspectives: the state's view on the necessity and governance of SOEs, and the...

The Croatian Qualifications Framework (CROQF) (Hrvatski kvalifikacijski okvir, HKO) is a comprehensive 13-level framework. It includes qualifications from all levels and sectors of formal education and training, i.e. general, vocational education and training (VET), higher and adult education....

The Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) is the framework of economic policies covering the European Union (EU) - including both euro area and non-euro area countries. The principal long-term aim of EMU is economic convergence for the EU over three successive stages. Once a country reaches the...

Croatia's fishing fleet is largely small-scale. The fleet operates only in the northern Adriatic. Commercial fishing activities require professional training (8 hours) that is offered monthly by the Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries. In addition, national Croatian standards...

The Commission carried out a study to look at consumer behaviours concerning food waste and date marking. The study covered over 25000 participants from across all 27 EU Member States, who were asked to report on how they manage food in their daily lives through a survey. Based on their...

The Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) is the framework of economic policies covering the European Union (EU) - including both euro area and non-euro area countries. The principal long-term aim of EMU is economic convergence for the EU over three successive stages. Once a country reaches the...

Conventional wisdom suggests that when business regulation is excessive, deregulation should enhance efficiency. The liberalization of services markets in Croatia demonstrates that this is not necessarily the case, particularly when features of the reform process allow undue influence by those...

Conventional wisdom suggests that when business regulation is excessive, deregulation should enhance efficiency. The liberalization of services markets in Croatia demonstrates that this is not necessarily the case, particularly when features of the reform process allow undue influence by those...

The Country Opinion Survey in Croatia assists the World Bank Group (WBG) in better understanding how stakeholders in Croatia perceive the WBG. It provides the WBG with systematic feedback from national and local governments, multilateral/bilateral agencies, media, academia, the private sector,...

The implementation of Croatia's 'National Roma Strategic Framework' (NRSF) has led to visible progress in promoting Roma culture, improving living conditions, and enhancing participation. Awareness-raising initiatives, cultural memorials, and media projects have strengthened the recognition of...

The present report proposes five price transmission analyses in three MS (Italy, Spain and Croatia). Among the five analyses conducted, all analyses cover preserved anchovy of national origin retailed in national supermarkets. As follows: - 80 g of salted anchovies in olive oil retailed in Italy...

This report presents the findings from the first (micro) phase of the thematic country review (TCR) on upskilling pathways (UP) in Croatia. It captures the perspectives of both the beneficiaries of the initiatives under review and the stake-holders involved in their implementation. The TCR on UP...

The main objective of this article is to study the impact of trade liberalisation in Croatia as one of the first structural reforms being implemented, covering the period from 2000 to 2021. The panel data model was specified using a two-step system generalised method of moment estimator. The...

This policy note explores key issues in the Danube Region, focusing on labour market dynamics, including the development of digital skills, foreign direct investment (FDI) with a particular emphasis on FDI in the IT sector, and the robotisation and automation of the region's industries. Covering...

This paper investigates the impact of four demographic variables and four perceptual drivers identified through a review of the existing literature on adopting subscription-based e-commerce models. Seven hypotheses were tested on a convenience sample of 202 respondents from Croatia. Significant...

This study investigates the nuanced influence of Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) on wage dynamics among Croatian workers, specifically examining the differential effects on male and female salaried employees. The authors employed statistical indicators and regression analysis, utilizing data...

The Croatian video game industry demonstrated substantial growth amid the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. A descrip- tive statistics approach was utilized, encompassing all enterprises in the Croatian video game industry. Statistical tests for proportions sig- nificance were then...

This study aims to enhance the Job Demand-Resources (JD-R) model by incorporating the aggregation approach and addressing the research gap concerning interpersonal conflicts within this framework. Building on the theoretical background and placing interpersonal conflicts in the JD-R framework,...

Objective: The objective of the article is to examine the technology acceptance of unmanned, cashierless technology. Since 2015, several startups have developed a new technology innovation called unmanned, cashierless technology, which has been steadily spreading globally over the past nine...

Aim/purpose - In line with the general trend of digitalization and changing customers' needs and preferences, insurance companies have increasingly applied digital technology to their business. This digital transformation should enhance insurance companies' efficiency and provide further...

Differences in entrepreneurial activity between women and men arise from the cultural context and from the role of women in family life. Although the Constitution of the Republic of Croatia guarantees gender equality and all equal rights for both men and women, differences between men and women...

This report describes the employment and social situation of young people in the Western Balkans (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia and Serbia - the WB6) and also looks at employment in Türkiye. It focuses on young people because they were particularly hard...