The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is a cornerstone policy of the European Union, increasingly focused on promoting environmentally sustainable practices. In 2014, the CAP introduced Greening payments and a crop diversification requirement to enhance soil resilience and mitigate ecosystem...

In this paper, we address a gap in the literature concerning pollination management, the pollinator deficit, and conservation objectives. By employing a farm level survey of UK farmers, we examine farmers' attitudes, understanding and management of pollinators. Based on descriptive statistics...

A CPVR is an IP right that grants an exclusive right in relation to a plant variety, provided that the latter complies with the legal requirements for protection provided by Council Regulation 2100/1994 (the "Basic Regulation") and the Regulation (EU) 2021/1873 of the European Parliament and of...

Although agriculture is often considered vulnerable to climate change, recent gridded crop growth modelling intercomparison exercises have found that staple crop yields will be modestly affected by global warming. However, those crop growth models also do not fully reflect impacts of increasing...

Moscona & Sastry (2023, Quarterly Journal of Economics) - henceforth MS23 - find that cropland values are significantly less damaged by extreme heat exposure (EHE) when crops are more exposed to technological innovation. However, MS23's 'innovation exposure' variable does not measure innovation,...

The current study sought to assess the effect of smallholder crop commercialization on household nutrition security and poverty status. Recent government efforts have gone beyond investing in agricultural production, thereby establishing markets for smallholder farmers in order to commercialize...

Climate-smart agricultural (CSA) practices are increasingly being promoted as nature-based solutions to improve the livelihoods of smallholder farm households amid a sharp increase in climate-change anomalies. However, the extent to which CSA practices contribute to smallholder food security and...

Biodiversity contributes to the provision of numerous ecosystem services. Several studies have econometrically measured the impact of crop biodiversity using observational data to assess the "productive value" of biodiversity for agriculture. We propose the first meta-analysis of this...

Previous literature has mostly used crop diversification indices to quantify the extent of crop diversification used by farmers. Indices are useful in assessing the number and proportion of crops in a farmer's portfolio. However, they often overlook the heterogeneity of the crops in their...

The study explains in particular the different forms of legal protection required by international IPR agreements, including the system of plant breeders' rights in the 1978 and 1991 UPOV Acts, the choice between patent and sui generis protection created by article 27.3(b) of the TRIPs Agreement...

Cereals are grown for grain and are used both to provide food and feed. In Romania, cereals occupy an important place in the structure of use of agricultural areas, observing a tendency to increase the areas where cereals are grown due to their importance, but also due to the fact that Romania...

An influential explanation for global productivity differences is that frontier technologies are adapted to the high-income countries that develop them and "inappropriate" elsewhere. We study this hypothesis in agriculture using data on novel plant varieties, patents, output, and the global...

Water withdrawals for irrigated crop production constitute the largest source of freshwater consumption on Earth. Monitoring the dynamics of irrigated crop cultivation is crucial for tracking crop water consumption, particularly in water-scarce areas. We analyzed changes in water-dependent crop...

Crop cultivation intensifies globally, which can jeopardize biodiversity and the resilience of cropping systems. We investigate changes in crop rotations as one intensification metric for half of the croplands in Germany with annual field-level land-use data from 2005 to 2018. We proxy crop...

Wir geben eine Übersicht über den Stand des Wissens zu den Klimafolgen für den deutschen Pflanzenbau und generieren modellbasierte, quantitative und räumlich differenzierte Simulationen zu den Ertragsveränderungen der wichtigsten deutschen Ackerkulturen bis zur Mitte des Jahrhunderts. Zur...

Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is a popular tool to determine technical efficiency of agricultural production. One issue that arises in some nonparametric frameworks is the heterogenous endowment with determinate factors, such as agroclimatic conditions. Environmental factors clearly lie...

We study the influence of agricultural labor intensity on individualism across U.S. counties. To measure historical labor intensity in agriculture we combine data on crop-specific labor requirements and county-specific crop mix around 1900. To address endogeneity we exploit climate-induced...

Soil extracellular enzymatic stoichiometry, the ratio of soil enzyme activities related to the acquisition of nutrients such as carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), which can reflect the demand for resources by microorganisms. However, how cover crop and chemical fertilizer shift...